Rabbi Poupko’s Oscar-Nominated Film Reviews

Rabbi Poupko, the spiritual leader of Beth Israel Beth Aaron Congregation in Montreal since 1986, recently took time during his travels between Israel and other locations to watch three Oscar-nominated films: Oppenheimer, Maestro, and The Zone of Interest. He shared his thoughts on these films during a Sabbath afternoon gathering at the synagogue, weaving them into a broader discussion on Jewish contributions to the world.

Reflecting on Oppenheimer, Rabbi Poupko observed, “Isn’t it interesting that a group of Jews managed to create the atom bomb, which won the war for the Western powers? Jews created Hollywood in the middle of nowhere in California. Jews created Broadway. And since the Nobel Prize has been awarded, Jews have comprised 40% of all recipients in all fields. Jews have made significant contributions to the US, Canada, and Germany.” This remark underscores the significant impact Jews have had in various fields, which has been well documented over time, including the comprehensive analysis found in Seth Mandel’s article in Commentary¹.

To lighten the mood, he quipped, “By the way, does anybody know how many Nobel Prizes Muslims have won?” After a brief pause, someone mentioned Yasser Arafat, eliciting a laugh from the audience.

Arafat, along with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for efforts to promote peace in the Middle East. However, this peace was never fully realized. Arafat’s refusal to sign a cooperation agreement with Israel led to the Second Intifada, marked by terrorist attacks that claimed over 1,000 Israeli lives². In response, Israel fortified its borders with the West Bank and Gaza. It is also worth noting that Muslims have been awarded sixteen Nobel Prizes: nine for peace, four for science, and three for literature.

Shifting to a historical perspective, Rabbi Poupko discussed The Pity of It All, which depicts Jewish involvement in every facet of German life before 1933. “Germany was admired worldwide as a center of culture and science, and Jews were thriving there too,” he said³.

As Hitler rose to power, tensions escalated. To prompt Germans to reconsider their stance, Jews in Germany published an eleven-hundred-page book documenting their contributions to society. Similarly, Hungarian Jews compiled a comparable volume in the 1930s to foster understanding and acceptance. During one of my visits, my friend Gabor Gluck, who represents the last Jewish family in Tokay, showed me one of these volumes.

Rabbi Poupko reminded the gathering of Winston Churchill’s famous words: “Those who oppress Jews are simply destroying themselves.” He noted that Spain never regained its former glory after expelling the Jews in 1492, and Germany has not reached its previous cultural heights since beginning its persecution of Jews in 1933⁴⁵.

Unfortunately, antisemitism is not confined to Europe. It exists in countries like the UK, Canada, and the USA despite the significant contributions of Jewish communities to these nations. Since October 7, there has been a troubling resurgence of antisemitism, with Jews and Israel being vilified in public spaces worldwide. This shift in public sentiment has even led to unsettling questions like, “Is Antisemitism Becoming Socially Acceptable Again?” This wave of hatred has also impacted Montreal, where Jewish institutions have been targeted, and students at McGill and Concordia have faced harassment⁶.

Rabbi Poupko shared, “As a result of campus antisemitism, Jewish enrollment at schools like Harvard, Cornell, and the University of Pennsylvania is now lower than it was before the 1960s when there were quotas. Orthodox Jewish students once had a beit midrash at Penn in the 1990s… not anymore. Now, Tulane University is known as ‘Jewlane.’ Over the past five months, we have witnessed these hateful ideas resurface.”

Sadly, Rabbi Poupko noted that none of the Imams or Pastors with whom they had friendly relations over the years have contacted him since October 7. Despite these challenges, he highlighted the resilience of the Israeli people. “Amidst these challenges, the resilience and valour displayed by Israeli forces over the past five months have been extraordinary. Witnessing their unwavering dedication to defending our people, whether on the battlefield or on the homefront, has fostered a sense of unity and solidarity like never before. During these difficult times, all of us Jews need to know who we are, what we have accomplished, and what we have contributed to the world over millennia. Am Yisrael Chai,” he concluded.

Rabbi Poupko’s reflections highlight Jewish communities’ resilience and contributions throughout history. Despite adversity, Jews have played a significant role in shaping cultures and advancing human knowledge. His insights encourage us to celebrate our heritage and stand united against prejudice.

Rabbi Poupko also shared his perspectives on the other Oscar-nominated films: “Oppenheimer: What is His Story?” and “Barbie: Who is She?” Additionally, he recommended two other films deserving of Oscar recognition: “Golda: A Reckoning” and “SHTTL.”

In the spirit of resilience and defiance against prejudice, Barbra Streisand’s recent Lifetime Achievement Award acceptance speech is worth noting. Her powerful address took a stand against antisemitism and bigotry, reinforcing the importance of confronting hatred with courage and conviction.


Footnotes:

  1. Mandel, Seth. “Glazer’s Partners Refute Glazer.” Commentary, vol. 123, no. 5, 2017, pp. 45-52.
  2. “Second Intifada.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada.
  3. Elon, Amos. The Pity of It All: A Portrait of the German-Jewish Epoch 1743-1933. Metropolitan Books, 2002.
  4. “Antisemitism: The Jewish Question.” Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/topic/antisemitism/The-rise-of-modern-antisemitism. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
  5. “Myth and Reality – What Did Churchill Really Think About the Jews?” The Churchill Centre.
  6. “PBS American Experience: Henry Ford’s Antisemitism.” PBS, www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/henryford/#part01. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
    Savage, Jacob. “The Vanishing: The Erasure of Jews from American Life.” Tablet Magazine.

SHTTL

Though SHTTL has yet to be released, it’s already making waves at film festivals. I recently saw it at the Montreal Holocaust Museum, and it left a lasting mark.

SHTTL is set in a Ukrainian forest and follows the journey of two young men whose adventure is intertwined with a Hasidic folk story. The film vividly portrays life in a small Ukrainian village near the Polish border as the two men arrive at a lively market. Over 24 hours, the film immerses us in the community, depicting scenes of a bustling market, a Soviet manager, overlapping conversations, and the upcoming marriage of the Rabbi’s daughter. Dreamy sequences and surreal moments in the synagogue capture the essence and spirit of the community in beautiful detail.

The film dives deep into the pre-Nazi invasion era of Ukraine, offering a rich portrayal of the complex relationships between religious and secular Jews, Russian occupiers, and other locals. It brings to life the vibrant and diverse nature of village life before the war, allowing viewers to glimpse this world as it was.

One of the most remarkable aspects of SHTTL is its commitment to authenticity. The film is primarily in Yiddish, with touches of Ukrainian, Russian, and German, grounding viewers in the village’s linguistic and cultural landscape. English subtitles ensure that everyone can fully appreciate the film’s rich cultural tapestry.

The film also has strong ties to Montreal, thanks to producers Eric Gozlan and Joe Sisto. Gozlan, known for his work on Beautiful Boy and Stand Off, and Sisto, who contributed to Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, brought their expertise to this project. Their connection to Montreal and their plans to submit SHTTL for an Oscar in the foreign film category highlight the talent and dedication behind this modern masterpiece.

Understanding the historical context of SHTTL adds even more depth to the film. On June 22, 1941, German troops launched Operation Barbarossa, leading to a brutal campaign against the Soviet Union. Einsatzgruppen units were responsible for the mass murder of approximately 1.25 million Jews, including the execution of over 30,000 Jews at Babi Yar.

In this light, SHTTL is more than just a cinematic triumph; it’s a reminder of the vibrant communities that existed before the devastation of the Nazi invasion. Hats to the team for their remarkable effort in preserving and celebrating this crucial piece of history.

 

“On the 22nd of June 1941, German troops launched Operation Barbarossa, Germany’s attack on the Soviet Union. From the point of view of the Nazis, this was not an ordinary military conflict but a battle against the chief ideological and racial enemies of the German nation.

At the rear of the German army were four Einsatzgruppen special units whose task was to fight against ideological opponents. They were required to kill all Communist functionaries, Jews holding party and state functions, and other radical elements. In reality, however, the main role of these units was to massacre Jewish communities.

To begin with, only Jewish men were murdered, but soon women and children were also being killed. The largest single massacre was the execution of over 30,000 Kievan Jews in Babi Yar at the end of September 1941. It is estimated that these units, aided by local militia and in coordination with the army, slaughtered approximately 1.25 million Jews in all, as well as hundreds of thousands of other Soviet citizens.”¹


Footnotes:

  1. Institut Terezínské Iniciativy. “The Start of the Mass Murder.” Holocaust.cz, 19 July 2011, https://www.holocaust.cz/en/history/final-solution/general-2/the-start-of-the-mass-murder/.

Oppenheimer: What is his story?

Oppenheimer tells the story of Robert Oppenheimer, the scientist responsible for developing the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. While the film explores the world of scientific discovery, I found Oppenheimer’s personal and political challenges, especially after 1954, particularly compelling. The film captures the tension between groundbreaking innovation and the weight of moral responsibility, raising questions that linger long after the credits roll.

Political Intrigues and Allegations

As the film unfolds, Oppenheimer becomes increasingly difficult to figure out. His political affiliations, personal choices, and the question of whether he might have shared atomic secrets with the USSR all come into question. The movie doesn’t shy away from his extramarital affair or the tragic death of his mistress, which adds to the complexity of his character. I left the theatre searching for answers, wanting to better understand the man behind the science.

In my search for more context, I came across an interview between JNS editor-in-chief Jonathan Tobin and historian Harvey Klehr. Klehr’s insights into Soviet espionage revealed how deeply the Soviets had infiltrated American scientific circles, including the Manhattan Project, as early as the 1930s. Oppenheimer’s ties to individuals sympathetic to communism—like his students at Berkeley and his wife’s second husband—only heightened the suspicions around him. These revelations shed light on the tense political landscape Oppenheimer had to navigate, where even personal connections could raise national security concerns.

Interestingly, despite his connections, FBI wiretaps reveal that once Oppenheimer took charge of the Manhattan Project, he made a clear effort to distance himself from communism. This detail changed how I viewed him—he wasn’t just a political pawn but someone navigating a complex and ever-changing political landscape.¹

Espionage and Betrayal

The film uncovers a surprising piece of history: two spies were secretly involved in the Manhattan Project. One was Ted Hall, an 18-year-old physicist who thought sharing atomic secrets with the Soviets might create a balance of power and, paradoxically, make the world safer. It’s remarkable to think about the moral weight of such a decision on someone so young. The recent documentary The Compassionate Spy defends Hall’s actions, and his apology, featured in The New York Times Magazine article “The Boy Who Gave Away The Bomb,” adds a personal touch to the historical narrative. The second spy, Klaus Fuchs, also leaked crucial information, and his capture highlighted the broad scope of Soviet espionage during the Cold War.

In the film’s third hour, we see Oppenheimer’s security clearance revoked in 1954, a dramatic turn in his life. While the film primarily attributes this to alleged espionage, my research points to a different angle. According to an article in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Oppenheimer’s opposition to the hydrogen bomb might have been the real reason for his downfall. This perspective offers a richer understanding of his story, suggesting that his professional beliefs, rather than personal faults, could have led to his tragic end.

 

Contemporary Relevance

Oppenheimer’s story still resonates today, showing us the ongoing challenge of balancing scientific progress with ethical concerns. The political conflicts and moral dilemmas he faced are very much with us as modern nations wrestle with the responsibilities of technological advancements. In places like China and North Korea, technology is used not just for progress but also for control, reflecting the same issues Oppenheimer dealt with in his time. Historian Timothy Snyder even links Putin’s tactics today with Stalin’s during Oppenheimer’s era, highlighting how these cycles of power and fear continue across generations.

Reflecting on these themes, I was reminded of Harold P. Green’s The Oppenheimer Case, which explores how political abuse contributed to Oppenheimer’s downfall. It reminds us that political agendas often overshadow human rights, a still relevant theme in today’s global landscape.

As I watched the film, I couldn’t help but think of Yishai Rebo’s haunting chant, “Ata Zocher.” His lyrics, “You (G-d) remember all the workings of the universe / And you note all the creatures of this world,” echoed in my mind, encapsulating the film’s themes of responsibility and the search for understanding. The chant reminded me of the burden that comes with knowledge—the same burden Oppenheimer faced as he unlocked the power of the atom.

Final Thoughts

Oppenheimer is more than a retelling of history—it’s a story that compels us to confront today’s moral dilemmas. Kai Bird, Oppenheimer’s biographer, captures this poignantly:

“Sadly, Oppenheimer’s life story is relevant to our current political predicaments. Oppenheimer was destroyed by a political movement characterized by rank know-nothing, anti-intellectual, xenophobic demagogues. The witch-hunters of that season are the direct ancestors of our current political actors of a specific paranoid style. Oppenheimer did not regret what he did at Los Alamos; he understood that you cannot stop curious human beings from discovering the physical world around them. One cannot halt the scientific quest, nor can one un-invent the atomic bomb, but it is up to each and every one of us to ensure that our current technologies are integrated by our leaders into a sustainable and humane civilization.”²

Bird’s reflection shows Oppenheimer’s life is more than a historical footnote. His story warns of the dangers when scientific progress is misused by political agendas. The choices made in his era still impact us today, reminding us to approach technology and power with wisdom and responsibility.


Footnotes:

  1. “Holodomor.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Jan. 2024, www.britannica.com/event/Holodomor.
  2. Bird, Kai. “American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer.” The New York Times, 2023, July 17. www.nytimes.com

Barbie: Who is she?

Watching Barbie and Ken transition from dolls to animated characters with human traits was surprisingly engaging and relatable for a mature audience. As their once-magical world faces the reality of mortality, the story becomes a reflection of personal growth and self-discovery. These are universal themes that resonate across all backgrounds. Their journey highlights our shared search for meaning and purpose, regardless of gender, age, or culture.

A Connection to Reflection and Renewal

In many ways, Barbie and Ken’s introspective journey mirrors moments of deep reflection that we all experience. For those observing Yom Kippur, the Jewish Day of Atonement, this time of year offers a chance for personal reflection, self-examination, and seeking forgiveness. It’s a time to pause, look inward, and consider how we can grow, much like the themes of self-discovery and renewal depicted in the film.

The movie’s themes still resonate even if you’re not observing Yom Kippur. Just as Barbie and Ken’s journey encourages us to think about our path and how we might improve, we all face moments in life that invite self-reflection and renewal. Whether it’s through the lens of a religious holiday or personal milestones, the desire to grow and better ourselves is a shared human experience.

For those familiar with Yom Kippur, the communal aspect of the midnight Selichot services—where people unite in their quest for self-improvement—parallels how Barbie and Ken’s evolving story brings together characters from diverse backgrounds in their search for meaning. The film and the holiday share a universal message: we all possess the potential for growth and change.

In Jewish tradition, this idea is captured by the concept of teshuvah, meaning to return to one’s true self. But no matter your background, the film reminds us that personal and collective growth is an ongoing journey. This universal theme invites moments of peace and connection amid the demands of everyday life.

GOLDA: A Reckoning

On August 24th, the Federation CJA in Montreal launched its annual fundraising campaign. The campaign included taking over all eight screens of the newly renovated CineStarz Deluxe Cavendish to show two screenings of “Golda,” featuring Helen Mirren as the iconic Israeli leader, Golda Meir.

The campaign continues the tradition of Jewish philanthropy that focuses on helping those in need, similar to charitable traditions in cultures worldwide. This year, their #StandUpCampaign is dedicated to supporting vulnerable communities and addressing antisemitism, a challenge with both local and global significance.

Golda Meir’s Unyielding Leadership

Golda delves into the tense days of the Yom Kippur War in 1973 when Israel was caught off guard by simultaneous attacks from Egypt and Syria—on the holiest day of the Jewish year. The film vividly portrays the shock and the immediate danger that millions of Israelis face.¹

The exceptional aspect of the story is Golda Meir’s leadership during this critical moment. As Prime Minister, her decisions directly affected the nation’s survival. Recently released battlefield footage intensifies the film, providing a raw look at the human cost of war.²

Meir resigned after the war, taking much of the blame for Israel’s losses. Debate over whether her age, gender, and other factors affected the country’s lack of preparedness persisted for years.

Golda’s Private Struggles

The film offers a detailed look at Golda Meir’s personal challenges, including her battle with cancer, her efforts to maintain morale during turbulent times, and her frustration with the U.S. delay in providing military aid. These aspects reveal the intense balancing act of leadership, a struggle that anyone in a position of authority can understand.

However, the film is not solely focused on her role as a leader. Golda Meir’s humanity is vividly portrayed through her quiet compassion and unwavering determination. Despite the odds, her strength and dedication offer enduring lessons in leadership.

Helen Mirren’s portrayal of Meir is extraordinary. Through her nuanced body language and subtle emotional expressions, Mirren adds layers to the character that linger long after the film ends.

High Holidays: A Time for Reflection

The film’s release during the Jewish High Holidays, a time of reflection and renewal, feels especially fitting. Like holidays in other faiths, these days allow Jewish people to reconnect with their heritage and traditions and offer personal and communal introspection opportunities. The retelling of the story of Moses and the Golden Calf during this season reminds us of human frailty and the importance of forgiveness—universal themes that resonate across cultures.³

A particularly moving part of the Yom Kippur service is the Yizkor prayer, where people reflect on loved ones who have passed. This year, one congregation member shared his memories of the Yom Kippur War, reminding us how the history portrayed in Golda is still deeply personal for many.

The Yom Kippur War: Lessons in Resilience

A documentary circulating during this time, Yom Kippur War: From the Beit Midrash to the Battlefield, tells the story of a miraculous rescue during the war. It highlights how deeply rooted traditions, much like those in other communities, can provide strength during difficult times. Whether it’s the sense of community, faith, or shared history, these sources of resilience transcend cultural and religious lines.

A Universal Leadership Lesson

Golda is not just about one woman or country; it’s a story of leadership, resilience, and sacrifice. Watching it during a time when so many are reflecting on their own lives makes it even more impactful. Golda Meir’s journey speaks to anyone who has had to navigate difficult decisions, lead in tough times, or find strength when facing overwhelming odds. Her story is a powerful reminder of the endurance of the human spirit and the importance of standing up for one’s values—a message that anyone can appreciate.


Footnotes:

  1. “The Yom Kippur War: Background & Overview.” Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
  2. Ynet News: Israel declassifies massive archive to mark 50th anniversary of Yom Kippur War.” Ynetnews, www.ynetnews.com.
  3. Isaacs, Jacob. “The Golden Calf.” Chabad.org, Kehot Publication Society

Genius and Anxiety: Unveiling the Impact of Jewish Minds, 1847-1947

Norman Lebrecht’s Genius and Anxiety: How Jews Changed the World, 1847-1947, offers an insightful look at influential Jewish individuals and their significant impact on the world. His writing flows seamlessly from one story to the next, creating an intimate reading experience as if you’re conversing with him about these remarkable figures.

The book challenges common Jewish stereotypes, examining individuals who have contributed significantly to the arts and sciences. While familiar names like Marx, Freud, Einstein, Kafka, Gershwin, and Bernstein take center stage, Lebrecht highlights lesser-known figures whose achievements deserve recognition.

Lebrecht brings these historical figures to life by drawing on diaries and letters, immersing readers in their world and personal experiences.

Unveiling Influential Figures

Beyond well-known figures, Genius and Anxiety showcases remarkable contributions, such as the invention of the first contraceptive pill, advancements in blood transfusions, the discovery of DNA, and early cancer detection methods. By weaving these milestones with personal narratives, Lebrecht illustrates the lasting impact of Jewish innovators.

Resilient Journeys

Lebrecht’s exploration extends beyond 1947, delving into the journeys of Jews who fled to America, Israel, and even China during World War II. As the war intensified and the Nazi regime tightened its grip, Jews faced harrowing choices. Some sought refuge in America, contributing to its vibrant cultural and intellectual landscape, while others relocated to Israel, then under British mandate, shaping the emerging state. A few found temporary sanctuary in China, navigating its unique challenges.

More than recounting escape routes, Lebrecht immerses readers in personal stories of bravery and resilience. These journeys were not just physical escapes; they marked transitions into new worlds of intellectual and cultural discovery. Despite immense hardships, these individuals continued influencing their new communities with their unique talents and perspectives.

Norman Lebrecht’s meticulous research and engaging narrative offer a fresh perspective on these historical events. Genius and Anxiety complements Amos Elon’s The Pity of It All: A Portrait of Jews in Germany, 1743–1933, enriching our understanding of Jewish history and its profound impact on today’s world.

 

Artistic Exploration: Seeking Ultimate Paradise

In a world often marked by conflict and uncertainty, the arts provide a refuge and a means of connection. They invite us to reflect on our shared human experiences and explore the deeper meanings behind our struggles and aspirations. Recently, I tuned into Piya Chattopadhyay on CBC Radio’s Sunday Magazine, where she brought together a series of captivating segments that delved into these themes.

“To Paradise” by Hanya Yanagihara

Art has a unique way of connecting us through our shared experiences. On Piya’s show, one of the guests was Hanya Yanagihara, the author of “To Paradise.” Her novel explores themes of freedom, utopia, borders, and disease across three centuries, featuring couples from diverse backgrounds. Yanagihara also examines the societal pressures that compel men to suppress their emotions, illustrating the harmful impact of these expectations on their well-being.

“Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows” by John Koenig

Next up was John Koenig, the creator of the “Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows.” He has crafted words for feelings we often can’t name, combining elements from different languages. His work enriches our understanding of the world, highlighting how each language offers a unique emotional perspective.

“The Next Civil War: Dispatches from the American Future” by Stephen Marche

Stephen Marche also joined the conversation to discuss his book, “The Next Civil War: Dispatches from the American Future.” In his book, he analyzes data and consults experts to reflect on US politics. His work is rooted in reality but also acknowledges the unpredictability of the future. This is similar to Yanagihara’s imaginative fiction, as both explore the complexities of human experience.

Connection: Pursuit of Paradise

Yanagihara’s exploration of “paradise” resonates with our universal longing for a world free from violence, war, and disease. She reminds us that, despite our challenges, we each have the potential to rediscover our own paradise. This idea aligns with the Jewish Sabbath, a time set apart each week to rest and reflect. The Sabbath offers a sacred pause, allowing us to escape the hustle of daily life and reconnect with family, community, and our inner selves.

Ultimately, the desire for a peaceful world is a shared human aspiration—an earnest prayer that unites us across cultures and traditions.

 

Herod the Great Unveiled: Power, Betrayal, Tragedy

The Rise and Fall of Herod the Great is a series that delves into the life of one of Israel’s most complex figures. Herod’s rule was marked by his turbulent marriage to the Hasmonean princess Mariamne and his ruthless political tactics. While he formed alliances with influential figures like Marc Antony, his unbridled ambition ultimately led him to madness.

Herod’s significant expansion of the Second Jewish Temple, which was later destroyed, is one of his most enduring legacies. The drama of his story draws parallels to shows like Game of Thrones, yet the rich Jewish perspective found in sacred texts like the Torah and Talmud often goes unnoticed. Incorporating these texts could provide deeper insights into Herod’s reign and his place in Jewish history.

Lessons from History

Reflecting on Herod’s tumultuous reign, we can glean important lessons about power and ambition. His life serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating the dangers of unchecked authority and the havoc it can wreak on both leaders and their people. These lessons urge us to assess historical figures and contemporary leadership.

Ancient texts like the Torah and Talmud can offer valuable insights into Jewish kingship. In Deuteronomy, Moses outlined a governance framework for future Jewish leaders, emphasizing the significance of community and ethical leadership.

“If, after you have entered the land that the LORD your God has assigned to you, and taken possession of it and settled in it, you decide, ‘I will set a king over me, as do all the nations about me,’ you shall be free to set a king over yourself, one chosen by the LORD your God. Be sure to put as king over yourself one of your people; you must not set a foreigner over you, one who is not your relative. Moreover, he shall not keep many horses or send people back to Egypt to add to his horses since the LORD has warned you, ‘You must not go back that way again.’ And he shall not have many wives, lest his heart goes astray; nor shall he amass silver and gold to excess.” (Deuteronomy 17:14-17)

This passage speaks to the essential role of community in leadership. A leader should embody the values and aspirations of the people they serve rather than pursuing personal wealth or power.

Blueprint for Leadership

Building on this, Rabbi Meir Soloveichik offers further insights into the nature of leadership in his podcast episode, “Kohen vs. King.” He emphasizes the inevitability of mistakes made by those in power, drawing a key distinction between the transgressions of priests and kings. In Leviticus, the Torah uses “if” for the sins of priests and “when” for kings, highlighting that leaders, no matter how powerful, are bound to falter.

“Have a copy of this Teaching written for him on a scroll by the Levitical priests. Let it remain with him and let him read in it all his life, so that he may learn to revere the LORD his God, to observe faithfully every word of this Teaching as well as these laws. Thus, he will not act haughtily toward his fellows or deviate from the Instruction to the right or the left, to the end that he and his descendants may reign long amid Israel.” (Deuteronomy 17:14-20)

These teachings remind us that even kings must stay grounded and avoid arrogance. Leaders today, just like those of the past, encounter moments of complex decision-making, and their success hinges on remaining humble and guided by higher principles.

Enduring Legacy

Herod’s reign ended tragically with Roman colonization and the destruction of the Second Temple, but the Jewish tradition persevered. After the devastation, scholars and rabbis fled to Yavneh to preserve Jewish life and thought, leading to the emergence of the Talmud. This dynamic discussion of Jewish law and philosophy has continued to shape Jewish life for centuries.

Today, the Torah and Talmud remain central to Jewish life—not as relics of the past but as living texts that continue to inspire and guide individuals in yeshivas, synagogues, and academic settings worldwide. When integrated into our understanding of history and leadership, their teachings offer profound insights into the complexities of governance and the responsibilities that come with power.

Reflecting on Leadership

Herod’s story encourages us to reflect on the impact of unbridled ambition and the significance of humility in leadership. What lessons can we derive from history as we pursue our aspirations and obligations? Drawing from ancient texts such as the Torah and Talmud provides a more profound comprehension of leadership that echoes through time and is relevant today.


FOOTNOTES:

  1. “Deuteronomy Chapter 17, Verses 14-20.” Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.17.14-20.
  2. Rabbi Meir Soloveichik. “Bible 365, Episode 32: Kohen (Priest) vs King: Two Models of Leadership.” Podcast.
  3. “Deuteronomy Chapter 17, Verse 18.” Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.17.18.

Finding Solace in Torah, Film, and Modern Teachings Amidst a Pandemic

When the pandemic hit, life as we knew it was upended overnight. The overwhelming uncertainty and isolation made many of us seek comfort and meaning in familiar places. For me, these sanctuaries became the Torah, film, and modern discourse—each offering a unique form of solace and a connection to enduring wisdom during the global upheaval.

More Than Just an Escape

Movies have always had the power to transport us, offering a break from reality and reflecting our deepest fears and hopes. Surreal and symbolic films like The Green Knight gained prominence during the pandemic. The film’s striking imagery—naked giantesses, a talking fox, and a massive, vine-covered combatant—captivated audiences. As director David Lowery described, “The Green Knight is a hallucinatory, dreamlike journey into the surreal and the subconscious, an exploration of fears, desires, and the nature of honor.”¹ These films were more than mere entertainment; they invited us to explore themes of courage, fear, and the unknown.

In a time when reality felt more surreal than fiction, these fantastical worlds provided a meaningful escape. They allowed us to step away from immediate chaos and engage with messages that resonated with our collective challenges, offering a unique perspective on our experiences.

Ancient Wisdom: Lessons from the Talmud

My quest for meaning extended beyond the silver screen to the rich allegories of Jewish tradition, particularly the Aggadata tales of the Talmud. These stories have long provided intellectual and spiritual nourishment, offering timeless lessons that resonate even today.

Consider the tale of Rabbi Akiva’s students, who perished in a plague. Rabbi Akiva, a towering figure in Jewish history, lost 24,000 students during a devastating plague. The Talmud attributes this plague to the students’ failure to respect one another.² This story is not just about physical loss but a profound moral lesson on unity, compassion, and mutual respect. It is a stark reminder of life’s fragility and the importance of our relationships, especially during global crises.

Modern Insights: The Timelessness of Torah

While some may view the Hebrew Bible as a relic of the past, I have found it to be a timeless guide offering wisdom for contemporary dilemmas. Professor Hazony’s Zoom course, “The Big Questions About Judaism,” reinforced this notion, showing how the Torah continues to illuminate human striving.

Hazony highlighted how the Torah addresses fundamental questions that are still relevant today. For instance, the story of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt is not merely a historical account but a meditation on leadership and the struggle for freedom—concepts that resonate deeply in our current world.³

Reflecting on the Parsha each week, I find Rabbi Jonathan Sacks’ insights particularly illuminating. In his essay on Parsha Ki Tavo, Rabbi Sacks emphasizes that the Torah is more than a collection of laws or philosophical musings; it is a series of stories probing fundamental questions about identity and purpose. This perspective has deepened my connection to these ancient texts, helping me find relevance and direction in their teachings.⁴

Navigating a Sea of Knowledge

We live in an era of unprecedented access to information. A wealth of resources is at our fingertips, from Torah texts and commentaries to films and online courses. While this abundance can be overwhelming, it also means there is something for everyone, regardless of their spiritual or intellectual journey.

The saying, “When the student is ready, the teacher will appear,” resonates deeply with me. Finding the right teacher has been crucial in my journey. My studies with Yehudis Golshevsky at Shiviti Yeshiva have been transformative, deepening my understanding and connection to these teachings. Shiviti Yeshiva offers more than educational instruction; it provides a supportive community focused on personal growth and spiritual development, integrating traditional Jewish wisdom with contemporary relevance.

A Journey Beyond the Pandemic

The insights I have gained during the pandemic will continue to guide me as we move forward. The Torah, film, and modern teachings have been more than sources of comfort; they have been essential tools for navigating our challenges. These resources will remain vital in helping us better understand ourselves and the world as we look ahead. This journey to find meaning is ongoing, and with each step, we inch closer to a clearer understanding of who we are and where we are headed.


FOOTNOTES:

  1. Lowery, David. “The Green Knight: A Hallucinatory Journey into the Surreal and Subconscious.” The Ringer, 30 July 2021, www.theringer.com/movies/2021/7/30/22599207/the-green-knight-david-lowery-hallucinatory-surreal.
  2. Talmud. Yevamot 62b. Sefaria, https://www.sefaria.org/Yevamot.62b?lang=bi.
  3. Hazony, Yoram. “The Big Questions About Judaism.” Zoom.
  4. Sacks, Jonathan. “Parsha Ki Tavo.” Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, 2024, https://www.rabbisacks.org/essay-parsha-ki-tavo/.

Zachor: A Call to Remember and Learn from History

Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks once pointed out an interesting gap in the Hebrew language: there’s no direct word for ‘history.’ Instead, Hebrew emphasizes remembering, captured in the term “Zachor.” This idea runs deep in Jewish teachings, especially in the Torah’s commandments. Two particular commandments stand out: “Zachor et Yom ha Shabbat” – Remember the Sabbath Day, and “Zachor et Amalek” – remember what Amalek did to you. The latter emphasizes the importance of remembering past injustices and the dire consequences of forgetting.

“You shall remember what Amalek did to you when you left Egypt, how he happened upon you and cut off all the stragglers at your rear when you were faint and weary, and he did not fear G-d. So it will be when the Lord your G-d grants you respite from all your enemies around you in the land which the Lord, your G-d, gives you as an inheritance to possess, that you shall obliterate the remembrance of Amalek from beneath the Heavens. You shall not forget!” (Deuteronomy 25:17-19).

You can gain a deeper understanding by listening to an auditory rendition of these verses.

This imperative to remember is not just a spiritual guideline; it is a vital lesson for humanity. The consequences of forgetting are evident when considering figures like Stalin and Hitler or contemporary regimes like The Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Their rise to power illustrates the destructive impact of uncontrolled ambition, manipulation, and cruelty. The Jewish tradition of “Zachor” serves as a crucial reminder that remembering our past is essential to honouring it and protecting our future from similar fates.

Stalin’s Ascent to Power: Unraveling the Machinations of a Dictator

The commandment to remember is not merely an intellectual exercise but a call to recognize the recurring dangers of unchecked power, as demonstrated by figures like Josef Stalin. Stephen Kotkin’s in-depth exploration of Stalin’s life, spanning two volumes, provides a clearer understanding of his rise to power. Kotkin utilizes recently released Soviet archives to shed new light on the dictator’s life.

Contrary to the widely held belief that Stalin had a troubled, abusive childhood, Kotkin presents a more intricate narrative. Stalin’s early education in Catholic schools could have led him to pursue a path as a priest. However, he gravitated toward revolutionary Marxism, ultimately becoming an anti-czarist activist. This ideological shift resulted in his exile and imprisonment before the fall of the czarist regime in 1917.

Kotkin’s first volume illuminates that Stalin’s upbringing was not shaped by abuse but rather by his family’s modest means, which influenced his Catholic education. Although he had the potential to become a priest, Stalin’s fascination with Marxist ideas set him on a different path. By the time of the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, he had already been exiled and imprisoned five times by the Czarist police.

Once Lenin came to power, Stalin’s political rise was swift. As Secretary-General of the Communist Party, he took advantage of Lenin’s incapacitation to tighten his grip on power, eliminating rivals and becoming a ruthless autocrat. Stalin’s control over the Communist Party and the Soviet Union was built on manipulation, fear, and violence. His policies, particularly collectivization, led to widespread poverty and the catastrophic Holodomor famine. Kotkin’s meticulous research explains how Stalin became one of the most brutal leaders in history.

These accounts of Stalin serve as a reminder of the Torah’s commandment to remember Amalek, as Stalin’s methods echo similar brutality and disregard for human life. The importance of “Zachor” comes into focus as we reflect on how forgetting history allows such figures to rise.

The Nazis’ Ascent: Hitler’s Chilling Path to Totalitarian Rule

Just as Stalin’s brutality should never be forgotten, the rise of Hitler offers another chilling reminder of what can happen when we ignore the past. The PBS documentary “Rise of the Nazis” provides a vivid account of Hitler’s rise in Germany, showing how a liberal democracy in 1930 transformed into a dictatorship under Hitler by 1934. Hitler, alongside key figures like Göring and Himmler, seized control of national institutions, marking the end of democracy in Germany.

The documentary traces Hitler’s early efforts to gain power, including the failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, which led to his imprisonment. It was during this time that Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, promoting twisted ideas of racial inequality and Aryan supremacy—ideas that would shape the horrors of Nazi Germany.

One particularly gripping part of the documentary is the story of Hans Litten, a German lawyer who stood up to Hitler in court. Litten’s bravery exposed Hitler’s violent tendencies, but he paid a heavy price, ending up in Nazi imprisonment and torture. Another key event is the Night of the Long Knives, where Göring and Himmler orchestrated the murder of Ernst Röhm and his stormtroopers. The lesser-known story of Joseph Hartinger, a prosecutor who tried to expose Nazi atrocities, is another chilling reminder of the regime’s moral bankruptcy.

The documentary presents a grim portrayal of how Hitler and his allies prepared the way for one of history’s most tragic periods. It serves as a reminder of the vulnerability of freedom and the swiftness with which authority can become corrupt. This reminder resonates strongly with the Torah’s command to always remember those who prey on the weak.

China Undercover: Unveiling Oppression and Surveillance

As we look to modern times, PBS’s China Undercover brings to light the disturbing reality faced by the Uyghur minority in China’s Xinjiang province. The documentary sheds light on the Chinese Communist Party’s oppressive surveillance state, which uses facial recognition and other invasive technologies to monitor and control Uyghur communities.

The level of surveillance in Xinjiang has led to comparisons with George Orwell’s 1984, where privacy and freedom are almost non-existent. The film highlights the worldwide concern over these human rights violations and emphasizes the importance of the international community taking action.

In a world where privacy is increasingly threatened, China Undercover reminds us that protecting fundamental human rights must remain a priority. The story of the Uyghurs serves as another contemporary example of the Torah’s commandment to “remember” – not just for the sake of the past, but to ensure justice and protection for the oppressed today.

Remembering History for a Safer Future

As we think about figures like Stalin and Hitler and current issues like the persecution of the Uyghurs, it becomes clear how vital it is to learn from our past. History teaches us that unchecked power and a lack of moral responsibility can lead to tremendous suffering.

The Jewish concept of “Zachor” reminds us to stay alert against threats to justice and human dignity. While the Torah’s command to remember Amalek is specific to Jewish tradition, its broader message encourages all of us to defend justice—not out of a desire for revenge, but to protect those vulnerable and create a kinder world.

Remembering isn’t just a passive act; it’s a call to action. It inspires us to promote fairness, equality, and empathy. When we remember, we apply those lessons to help build a brighter future for everyone, no matter their background or beliefs.

 

RBG: How Jewish Was She

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (RBG), the remarkable Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, passed away on September 18, 2020, which coincided with Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. For many, this timing felt deeply symbolic. In Jewish tradition, passing away on the eve of a major holiday is often seen as a mark of righteousness, sparking reflections on how Ginsburg’s Jewish heritage influenced both her personal life and her professional legacy as a legal titan.

In the days following her death, journalist Melanie Phillips published an article titled “RBG: An American Jewish Justice Warrior,” exploring the impact of Ginsburg’s Jewish identity on her career. While this aspect of her life was often overlooked in public narratives, Phillips argued that Judaism significantly shaped Ginsburg’s worldview and sense of justice. This was notably absent in initial media coverage of her passing. Phillips pointed out an inaccuracy in The Guardian’s original statement, which downplayed the importance of Ginsburg’s Jewish roots.

“Ruth was brought up in a Conservative Jewish tradition and learned Hebrew as a child, but abandoned her religion because she was not allowed to join a minyan to mourn her mother’s death when she was 17… and in 1993, President Clinton was anxious to make the Supreme Court more diverse, so Ginsburg’s Jewish religion, which she had given up 46 years earlier, may have counted for more than a lifetime of commitment.”

Many readers found this portrayal troubling, as it seemed to dismiss the deeper connection Ginsburg maintained with her Jewish identity. Following feedback, The Guardian updated its statement to reflect a more accurate account of her relationship with Judaism:

“Ginsburg shifted away from strict religious observance after being denied participation in a minyan for mourning her mother’s death at 17. However, fueled by indignation at this exclusion, she harboured a profound commitment to her Jewish identity.”

This revision more accurately captured the complexity of Ginsburg’s Jewish connection. Although she moved away from formal religious observance, her Jewish values were central to her character and career. So, what critical Jewish principle defined her life? For many, it was her relentless pursuit of justice—a value deeply ingrained in Jewish tradition.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg exemplified a core Jewish value that any observant person would recognize: the pursuit of justice. This principle can be traced back to the legacy of Abraham, who famously challenged G-d on matters of fairness. “Shall the G-d of all the world not practice justice!” (Genesis 18:25) captures Abraham’s plea when G-d intended to destroy the city of Sodom. This demand for justice, even in the face of divine authority, has echoed through Jewish history and clearly influenced Ginsburg’s legal philosophy.

Throughout her tenure on the Supreme Court, Ginsburg was known for her commitment to fairness and equality. Even when she dissented, her arguments often laid the groundwork for future legal developments. Her role in the court reflects the Jewish tradition of establishing courts and impartial judges, rooted in the Torah and the Jewish Bible.

The Torah emphasizes the importance of courts and justice in several key passages:

“Moses and the Israelites were commanded by God to establish courts of judges who received full authority over the people of Israel, who were commanded by God through Moses to obey the judgments made by the courts.”

(Exodus 18:21–22; Numbers 11:16–17; Deuteronomy 1:15–18, 17:9–12)

The Talmud, specifically Tractate Sanhedrin, elaborates on this system of courts, including the Great Sanhedrin, which functioned as the supreme judicial body. The Torah’s strict prohibitions against bribery and partiality further underscore the Jewish commitment to justice:

“You must not distort justice; you must not show partiality; and you must not accept bribes, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and subverts the cause of those who are in the right.”

(Deuteronomy 16:19)

These teachings are still relevant today because bias and corruption continue to challenge modern justice systems. Ginsburg’s life exemplified the enduring Jewish principle of standing against such injustices. Her commitment to fairness was evident not only in her legal rulings but also in her personal life. Her dedication to her family, especially caring for her mother and husband, reflected the Jewish values of duty and resilience.

Those who knew Ginsburg, including Jeffrey Rosen and Dahlia Lithwick, often spoke of her compassion, focus, and deep respect for others. They suggested that her Jewish upbringing and her experience as a child of immigrants shaped her unique perspective on justice, equality, and fairness. Despite facing personal and professional challenges, she never let anger or bitterness cloud her work or relationships.

Ginsburg’s passing on the eve of Rosh Hashanah added another layer of significance to her legacy. In Jewish tradition, Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the High Holy Days, a period of reflection and judgment by the Supreme Divine Judge. To pass away on such a day is seen as a sign of righteousness. For many, this timing reinforced the idea that Ginsburg was a tzadik—a righteous figure whose life was devoted to justice, embodying the values central to her Jewish heritage.


FOOTNOTES:

  1. United Nations Development Programme, “Issue Brief: Rule of Law and Development” (New York: United Nations, 2013).
  2. Bribery and Corruption, Bible Commentary on Deuteronomy 16:18-20, Produced by TOW Project.
  3. Jeffrey Rosen, “Conversations with RBG: Ruth Bader Ginsburg on Life, Love, Liberty, and Law,” a recent publication offering a unique glimpse into Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s life and career.
  4. Dahlia Lithwick is a writer covering the courts and law for Slate and the host of the podcast Amicus.

Golda’s Balcony

The Los Angeles Jewish Film Festival recently featured a virtual screening of “Golda’s Balcony,” a one-woman play turned into an engaging film. This adaptation dives into the complex life of Golda Meir, brilliantly portrayed by Tovah Feldshuh. After the screening, a 90-minute interview with Feldshuh gave a closer look at the incredible effort she put into bringing Golda’s character to life. Meir, a mother, wife, dedicated Zionist, and Prime Minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur War of 1973, carried a burden most of us can’t imagine—decisions that could change the fate of her nation.

Leading Through Crisis

“Golda’s Balcony” pulls you into the emotional and political storms Meir faced as Prime Minister. At the heart of the play is one pressing question: Would she use a secret weapon to protect Israel? And with that question came the weight of knowing the consequences—both immediate and long-term. Tovah Feldshuh shared during the interview that embodying Golda meant digging deep into her research to portray a leader’s strength, doubt, and humanity under immense pressure.

But this isn’t just a historical drama—it’s a very human story. It reminds us that people are grappling with the same fears and uncertainties behind the titles and power as the rest of us. The film captures both the resilience of the Israeli people and their determination to survive, even when faced with impossible choices. While it speaks to the past, its themes feel incredibly relevant today, especially in a world where conflict and leadership challenges haven’t disappeared.

A Timeless Story of Leadership

The film has earned praise for its portrayal of leadership under pressure and the personal and collective sacrifices made for survival. “Golda’s Balcony” goes beyond recounting history—it taps into what it means to lead in the face of uncertainty, making it resonate with audiences well beyond its time.

Learn More About Golda

If you’re interested in diving deeper into this story, Tovah Feldshuh’s website offers some great resources, including a study guide for “Golda’s Balcony” and a DVD titled “The Journey to Golda’s Balcony.” These materials provide more insight into Golda Meir’s legacy and the broader historical context she operated within.

“I start with the redemption of the human race and end up in the munitions business… We have to survive. Our neighbours have other plans.”

This quote from Golda Meir perfectly captures the tension of her leadership and her unwavering resolve to ensure the survival of her people.

 

The Remarkable Stories of Mrs. G. and Aulcie at the Israel Film Festival in Montreal

I recently attended the Israel Film Festival in Montreal, where two exceptional documentaries premiered. These films, “Mrs. G.” and “Aulcie,” tell the inspiring stories of individuals who overcame enormous challenges.

Mrs. G.: A Journey of Resilience and Triumph

“Mrs. G.” follows the journey of Lea Gottlieb, a Holocaust survivor who built the renowned Gottex swimsuit empire. Directed by Dalit Kimor, the film resonated with me as it mirrored the experiences of my parents and other immigrant Jewish families. Despite facing numerous obstacles, they leveraged their skills and business acumen to rebuild their lives after the Holocaust. Mrs. G.’s story reflects the struggles and triumphs of immigrant Jewish families in the face of overwhelming adversity.

Aulcie: From Struggles to Stardom

Similarly, “Aulcie” chronicles the inspiring story of Aulcie Perry, an African American basketball player who found fame and redemption in Israel. The documentary, directed by Dani Menkin, showcases Perry’s journey from a troubled past to becoming a beloved hero in Israel, leading the Maccabi team to international championship victories.

Unyielding Spirit

What captivated me about these documentaries was the opportunity to witness the strong spirit of individuals who refused to be defined by their circumstances. Both films offer an intimate look into the lives of real people who navigated significant challenges over the years. Despite challenging obstacles, these individuals demonstrate resilience, fortitude, and an unyielding determination to overcome inspiring barriers.

Their stories remind us of the human ability to overcome challenges and find hope in unexpected places. By sharing and celebrating these stories, we honour the strength of those who have faced hardship and come out stronger, inspiring future generations.

 

Navigating Identity: Apples From the Desert and Chained

Films like Apples From the Desert and Chained delve into the complexities of identity, resonating with anyone who has grappled with the tension between personal desires and cultural expectations.

Apples From the Desert: Unorthodox’s Precursor

Directed by Matti Harari and Arik Lubetzki, Apples From the Desert feels like a precursor to the Netflix hit Unorthodox. It tells the story of a young Israeli girl growing up in a strict Orthodox community in Jerusalem. Like the protagonist in Unorthodox, she yearns for freedom and finds refuge in a secular kibbutz in the Negev desert.

What makes Apples From the Desert particularly compelling is its focus on the father’s perspective. He struggles with his daughter’s burgeoning independence and sexuality, highlighting the emotional turmoil many parents face when their children challenge deeply held values. For instance, his quiet moments of reflection reveal the conflict between love and the desire to maintain tradition, making this dynamic relatable to anyone who has navigated family expectations.

Chained: Male Identity and Adolescent Struggles

Similarly, Chained, directed by Yaron Shani, explores male ego and adolescent sexuality in a modern context. Set against the backdrop of a police investigation into harassment, the film intertwines a policeman’s personal struggles with the challenges of parenting his teenage stepdaughter.

What sets these films apart is their insightful exploration of male characters wrestling with their identities. As the story unfolds, we gain a glimpse into their internal conflicts, mirroring the universal struggle to balance personal desires with societal pressures.

Captivating Portrayals of Human Experience

Both films masterfully depict the tension between societal expectations and personal aspirations, inviting us to reflect on our choices and identities. They remind us that while our struggles may feel unique, they are part of a shared human experience.

As we witness these characters navigate their challenges, it prompts us to consider our own journeys. How do the stories of Apples From the Desert and Chained resonate with your experiences? What insights do they offer about the choices we make and the identities we embrace?

Bogdan’s Journey: A Tale of Repentance, Compassion, and Healing in Kielce

Bogdan’s Journey tells a powerful story about forgiveness and healing in Kielce, Poland. It follows Bogdan Bialek, a non-Jewish leader who became a pivotal figure in transforming his community. Through his journey, we see a town grappling with its past, striving for reconciliation and understanding.

Teshuvah: A Path to Forgiveness

The documentary takes us on a transformative journey of “teshuvah” (Hebrew for repentance and redemption) as the community of Kielce undertakes an extraordinary path toward forgiveness and healing. It is a testament to the power of human kindness, empathy, and compassion.

Interpreting Ancient Texts: Midrashic Insights

One compelling narrative in ancient texts is Abraham’s negotiation with G-d to save Sodom and Gomorrah. These cities, often seen as symbols of evil, raise ethical questions that resonate today. The film offers a fresh interpretation of these themes, prompting viewers to reflect on their significance.

Jewish literature, especially midrash, sheds light on the transgressions of Sodom and Gomorrah. A performance from Tablet magazine beautifully illustrates the ethical dilemmas in the biblical account. While God often sees the potential for rescue elsewhere, Sodom and Gomorrah represent a place deemed irredeemable.

“In the story of Sodom and Gomorrah — recounted in the Torah in Parshat Vayera, read this Shabbat — the Bible addresses the question of ethics head-on. These towns represent a human society so thoroughly corrupt that it is beyond the possibility of repair.”

Ezekiel warns Judah about the sins of these cities, pointing to arrogance and neglect of the poor. Ancient rabbis expanded on this in midrash, such as Genesis Rabbah.

“Only this was the sin of your sister Sodom: arrogance! She and her daughters had plenty of bread and untroubled tranquility, yet she did not support the poor and the needy.”

(Ezekiel 16:49)

One midrash tells of a young woman punished for her compassion in helping a starving neighbour, highlighting a twisted justice system where kindness was met with severe consequences.

When she saw her friend’s distress, she said, “Why is your face so sickly?” Her friend replied, “Our food is all gone, and we are about to die.” The first girl filled her pitcher with flour, and each took what the other had. When the people of Sodom learned of this, they burned her alive.

The Holy Blessed One declared, “Even if I wanted to keep silent, the judgment in the young girl’s case does not permit me to keep silent.”

This story resonates today, reminding us of the dangers faced by those who show compassion in oppressive regimes.

Healing and Reconciliation in Bogdan’s Journey

Bogdan’s Journey presents a narrative of healing in the wake of the tragic events involving Jews in Poland in 1946. Despite widespread denial in Kielce, Bogdan leads a campaign to confront this painful history. His efforts illustrate that a community can embrace repentance and evolve into a compassionate and self-aware entity.

I highly recommend watching Bogdan’s Journey for those connected to the Shoah or similar collective traumas. Screenings can be arranged through its website for both institutional and private audiences.

After a recent screening, I had the chance to connect with Bogdan over dinner in Tel Aviv. Sharing this blog with him was a moving experience, and he graciously allowed me to include his thoughts:

“Dear Abigail,

Thank you very much for your beautiful and touching text on your blog. If you agree, I would like to use it on the Jan Karski Society site. The meeting in Sherman Oaks was fascinating. For the first time, I was in a great home and thus an excellent company. I hope that we will have other possibilities to meet each other. Of course, if you will be in Poland, remember about my warmest invitation to Kielce. I will try to buy a book which you recommend.

Best regards,

Bogdan”

Five Memoirs Illuminate the Holocaust in Hungary

The Holocaust in Hungary stands as a chilling reminder of the depths of human cruelty and suffering in our history. Yet, amidst tales of despair, we find profound stories of tragedy and resilience within this dark chapter. As we delve into this period, we uncover unimaginable horrors faced by countless individuals, including my late mother, who often described survival as a miraculous feat.

The Heroic Efforts in “Budapest ’44: Rescue and Resistance, 1944-1945”

Amidst the darkness of the Holocaust in Hungary, powerful stories of resistance and kindness shine through. In “Budapest ’44: Rescue and Resistance, 1944-1945,” Moshe Holczler shares firsthand accounts that bring this challenging time to life. With meticulous research, he highlights the brave efforts made to rescue and support those in need during the Nazi occupation of Budapest in 1944.

Among the extraordinary individuals he profiles is R’ Shmuel Binyomin (Wolf) Frey, who felt a deep sense of duty to help others. Holczler also tells the stories of lesser-known heroes, like Raoul Wallenberg and various undercover volunteers—Jewish and non-Jewish—whose courage saved countless lives.

Extraordinary Hospitality: “Deadly Carousel: A Singer’s Story of the Second World War”

Vali Racz’s memoir, Deadly Carousel: A Singer’s Story of the Second World War, offers another compelling narrative. Often likened to the Hungarian Marlene Dietrich, Racz opened her home in Pest to a diverse array of guests, including a Jewish family, a Hungarian fascist escapee, and Russian military personnel. Through her daughter Monica Porter’s account, we gain insight into Racz’s remarkable life and Hungary’s tumultuous social and political landscape during this time. Her hospitality is a testament to the human connections endured even in chaos.

Testimonies of Orthodox Jews: “Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust”

Hasidic Tales of the Holocaust, edited by Yaffa Eliach, presents a poignant collection of testimonies that vividly depict the struggles of Orthodox Jews during the Holocaust across Europe. Maurice Lowinger’s memoir, “Miracle in the Ashes,” offers a firsthand account of survival and resilience within the confines of the Budapest ghetto, capturing the spirit of community and faith amid unimaginable adversity.

A Teen’s Struggle for Freedom: “Surviving Auschwitz: A Teenage Struggle Toward Freedom from Hatred”

Leslie Schwartz’s powerful memoir, “Surviving Auschwitz: A Teenage Struggle Toward Freedom from Hatred,” recounts his harrowing experiences as a young inmate in Auschwitz and Dachau. Schwartz reflects on unexpected acts of kindness that sustained him, emphasizing the ongoing fight against hatred and bigotry in the aftermath of the war. His story serves as a poignant reminder of the strength of the human spirit.

These narratives of survival and resilience remind us of the horrors of the Holocaust and the urgent need to stand against hatred and bigotry. They inspire us to work toward a more compassionate and just world in memory of those who perished.

 

Highlights from the 37th Montreal World Film Festival

The 37th Montreal World Film Festival transformed the city into a haven for film lovers. Over 400 films were screened from August 22 to September 2, offering something for everyone—from documentaries to dramas. The festival was more than just a showcase of films; it celebrated storytelling and its ability to ignite conversations and leave lasting impressions. This annual event highlights emerging talents and reaffirms cinema’s unique power to connect and inspire audiences.

Life Feels Good: A Story of Perseverance and the Human Spirit

Sometimes, a film leaves you thinking long after the credits roll, and Life Feels Good was one of those. This Polish film, directed by Piotr Piwowarski and based on a true story, received the Grand Prize, the Audience Award, and the Ecumenical Award. It tells the moving story of a boy with disabilities who, despite being misunderstood and underestimated for most of his life, discovers his intelligence and awareness in his thirties. The film’s portrayal of unwavering support from those around him beautifully captures the strength of perseverance and the resilience of the human spirit.

L’autre Maison/Another House: Family Dynamics and Caregiving

L’autre Maison (Another House) immerses us in the lives of two brothers grappling with the difficult reality of caring for their father, who is living with Alzheimer’s. The story’s emotional depth resonates with raw honesty, reflecting the filmmakers’ personal experiences in crafting the script. This authenticity enriches the film’s exploration of family dynamics and the complexities of caregiving, reminding us of the challenges many face in similar situations.

Yiddish: A Tale of Survival: Resilience Across Generations

The festival also gave me the opportunity to showcase my documentary, Yiddish: A Tale of Survival. This film tells the stories of three individuals committed to preserving the Yiddish language through theatre after the Holocaust. It was very meaningful to see how people from different backgrounds connected with the message of resilience and cultural preservation.

A Lasting Impression

What truly defined this year’s Montreal World Film Festival was the diversity of stories and perspectives. Each film offered a unique lens on the human experience, whether through deeply personal tales or broader societal reflections. Beyond entertainment, the festival reaffirmed cinema’s role in fostering empathy, understanding, and connection.

 

The Legacies of Aristides de Sousa Mendes and Dr. Henry Morgentaler

Recently, I discovered the remarkable stories of Aristides de Sousa Mendes and Dr. Henry Morgentaler—two individuals whose actions inspire us to reflect on our values. During World War II, Portuguese diplomat Sousa Mendes courageously defied his government’s orders to help refugees from various backgrounds. Dr. Morgentaler dedicated his life to advocating for abortion rights and championing women’s autonomy over their bodies. Their legacies resonate in today’s ongoing refugee rights and reproductive health access debates.

In a world often marked by division over identity and beliefs, the courage displayed by Sousa Mendes and Morgentaler reminds us of the importance of standing up for what is right. Their stories challenge us to consider how we respond to injustices in our communities. Are we prepared to take risks for the sake of others?

Aristides de Sousa Mendes: Defiance and Compassion During WWII

After attending a screening of the film “Disobedience,” organized by the Montreal Jewish Public Library, I found the post-film discussion particularly enlightening. Louis Philippe Mendes, Sousa Mendes’ grandson, shared personal stories that vividly illustrated his grandfather’s bravery. One key moment was when he spoke about the collaboration between Sousa Mendes, his secretary, and Rabbi Kruger, showcasing the strength of collective action in achieving meaningful change. Sousa Mendes risked his career and reputation by issuing visas without regard for nationality, race, or religion—a testament to his commitment to humanity during one of history’s darkest chapters.

Dr. Henry Morgentaler: A Lifetime Advocate for Abortion Rights

In another insightful discussion, Dr. Abraham Morgentaler reflected on his father’s life following Dr. Henry Morgentaler’s passing at ninety. Hearing Dr. Abraham share anecdotes about his father’s unwavering dedication to abortion rights was profoundly inspiring. Dr. Morgentaler’s journey encompassed not only legal battles but also the countless lives he impacted and the voices he uplifted during a time when women’s rights were often marginalized.

His legacy calls us to continue the fight for justice. In today’s climate, where reproductive rights face increasing challenges, Dr. Morgentaler’s story invites us to engage in crucial conversations and advocate for meaningful change, underscoring that advocacy is a collective effort.

Reflections on Courage and Conscience

The legacies of Aristides de Sousa Mendes and Dr. Henry Morgentaler remind us of the enduring power of conscience and conviction. They prompt us to reflect on our values and the impact we can have in our communities—whether through advocacy, education, or simple acts of kindness. For those interested, the Sousa Mendes Foundation website offers more information about his remarkable story, and the film is certainly worth a watch.

 

Theodore Bikel: Laughter Through Tears

I was honoured to attend Theodore Bikel’s one-person show, “Sholem Aleichem: Laughter Through Tears,” at the Segal Center in Montreal. Bikel’s portrayal of Sholem Aleichem’s characters was nothing short of mesmerizing. At eighty-eight years old, he performed for nearly two hours without a break, seamlessly switching between twenty-two characters with incredible grace and energy. His emotional renditions of Yiddish songs added depth to the performance, leaving me deeply moved and, at times, in tears.

Bikel’s impact extended far beyond this performance. His career spanned numerous classic films, including “The African Queen” and “My Fair Lady.” His role as Sheriff Max Muller in “The Defiant Ones” earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. But his portrayal of Tevye in “Fiddler on the Roof” cemented his legacy. The play’s nine Tony Awards and its enduring resonance with audiences worldwide are a testament to Bikel’s extraordinary contribution to the arts.

Beyond his acting achievements, Bikel was a remarkable folk singer and guitarist. He co-founded the Newport Folk Festival in 1959 and recorded several Jewish folk songs, bringing the beauty of Yiddish music to a wider audience. I cherish the memory of meeting him during a choir event at the Hollywood Bowl. Rehearsing in his private dressing room and receiving his warm greeting after the concert will always stay with me.

Theodore Bikel’s influence on the entertainment industry and his ability to bridge cultural gaps through his art are unmatched. His legacy, through his performances and personal connections, will continue to inspire and resonate for generations.

Thank you, Theodore Bikel, for your artistry and enriching our understanding of Sholem Aleichem’s legacy.

 

Sholem Aleichem: Echoes of Yiddish Culture

Last night, I watched the insightful documentary Sholem Aleichem: Laughing in the Darkness at Cinema du Parc. This film delves into the life and legacy of Sholem Aleichem, a writer whose works vividly portray Jewish life in Eastern Europe during a time of significant change.

The Language of Heritage

Sholem Aleichem (1859-1916) chose to write in Yiddish, a language shaped by Hebrew, German, and Slavic influences. For centuries, Yiddish was a cornerstone of Jewish identity. However, as Jews increasingly adopted the languages of their new countries, Yiddish began to decline. Aleichem’s choice to write in Yiddish was a crucial effort to preserve this important aspect of Jewish culture.

Life in the Shtetl

Aleichem’s stories brought to life the world of the Shtetle—a small Jewish town—through characters like Tevye the Milkman and Motl the Cantor’s son. These characters inspired the renowned musical Fiddler on the Roof. His stories not only captured the joys and struggles of shtetl life but also played a role in keeping Yiddish culture vibrant, even amidst the challenges of the Holocaust.

Historical Context

The film also sheds light on the difficult realities faced by Jews in Poland and Russia, including the anti-Jewish riots that began in 1881. Before this period, Jews and others lived together relatively peacefully. However, the assassination of the Czar in 1881 triggered a wave of violence, culminating in the pogroms of 1905-06. Sholem Aleichem lived through these troubling times, including the 1905 pogrom in Kyiv, during which he and his family were forced to hide in a hotel for three days. This personal ordeal profoundly affected him and is a poignant reminder of the era’s turbulence.

The documentary links these historical events to the later horrors of the Holocaust and highlights how the insufficient response to violence against Jewish communities foreshadowed further tragedies. The Nazi regime observed the world’s indifference to these early acts of brutality and adopted similar tactics, leading to the orchestrated destruction of Jews during the Holocaust. This pattern of state-sponsored violence echoes through history, with examples seen in places like Syria, the Soviet Union, North Korea, and Iran.

Preserving Yiddish Culture

Watching Sholem Aleichem: Laughing in the Darkness deepened my appreciation for preserving Yiddish and its cultural heritage. This theme resonates with my project, Yiddish: A Tale of Survival, which explores the state of Yiddish three generations after the Holocaust. My documentary highlights the crucial need to keep this language and its rich cultural traditions alive.

Reflecting on the Past

After the movie ended, I thought about the enduring influence of Yiddish culture and the meaningful lessons we can learn from history about standing up to injustice. Laughing in the Darkness honours Sholem Aleichem’s legacy and reminds us to always remember the past and work towards a brighter future.