Forgiveness and its Impact

As we approach the Jewish New Year of 5782, many take this time for deep reflection and renewal. This period, marked by the month of Elul, encourages us to reflect on the past year, evaluate our actions, and consider their impact on others. It’s a moment for reconciliation, forgiveness, and preparing our hearts for the year ahead.

The Heart of Forgiveness in Jewish Tradition

In Jewish tradition, forgiveness is more than a concept; it is a fundamental practice woven into our daily lives and relationships. It’s not just about uttering “I’m sorry” or “I forgive you,” but seeking genuine reconciliation and healing.

A poignant example is 2 Samuel 13:22. When Absalom was wronged by his brother Amnon, he was advised to confront him directly. Amnon, King David’s son, had wronged his half-sister Tamar, prompting Absalom, Tamar’s full brother, to take drastic action by killing Amnon.¹ This narrative teaches us the importance of addressing issues openly when we’ve been hurt. Sometimes, the offending party may not realize the pain they’ve caused, or misunderstandings may need clarification. It’s our responsibility to initiate reconciliation to prevent lingering resentment and foster genuine healing.

Jewish tradition underscores the importance of making multiple attempts at reconciliation, especially with family members, who are often the ones we both hurt and are hurt by the most. The story of Absalom and Amnon vividly illustrates the necessity of persistent efforts to mend relationships.

Insights from Rabbinical Teachings

Rabbi Avraham Danzig taught that harming another person is profound, and true forgiveness can only be granted once the wrongdoer seeks it.² In other words, one cannot be absolved of wrongdoing until there has been an honest attempt to make things right with the person wronged.

Similarly, Rabbi Yehezkel Levenshtein pointed out that G-d shifts from the Throne of Judgment to the Throne of Mercy when He sees us earnestly seeking reconciliation and forgiveness.³ This reminds us that our actions toward others directly impact our relationship with the Divine.

The Synagogue Service of Rosh Hashanah: A Time for Divine Forgiveness

Rosh Hashanah offers a significant opportunity to seek forgiveness from G-d and ask for blessings in the new year. The prayer service consists of three main sections: Malchuyot, Zichronot, and Shofarot.⁴

  • Malchuyot (Sovereignty): This section acknowledges G-d’s authority and unity in controlling all aspects of life. It reminds us to practice love and kindness towards one another.
  • Zichronot (Remembrances): We recognize G-d’s ongoing role in our lives, even though we no longer experience direct prophecy. We trust that G-d remembers us and is always present.
  • Shofarot (Revelation): This section looks forward, emphasizing that G-d’s revelation is an ongoing process. It’s our responsibility to understand and apply these teachings in our lives.

Rabbi Yair Silverman from Moed in Zichron Yaakov provides insightful reflections on these sections:

“Our prayers beseech G-d to move from the seat of Strict Judgment – Din – to the Seat of Mercy – Rachamim. We ask for life, health, and prosperity. Teshuva (returning to our core self and G-d), Tefila (prayer), and Tzedaka (righteous giving) are the key actions that can sweeten the harshness of G-d’s decree.”⁵

Embracing the New Year with Forgiveness

As we enter the reflective month of Elul and prepare for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, we’re given a unique chance to mend relationships, heal old wounds, and reconnect with our inner selves and the Divine. This time of year is not just about making resolutions but about embarking on a meaningful journey through Teshuva (repentance), Tefila (prayer), and Tzedaka (charity), which can lead to profound personal and communal transformation.

Forgiveness: A Path to New Beginnings

As we move into the new year, let’s carry the spirit of forgiveness with us, using it as a tool for renewal and peace. Reflect on your own experiences with forgiveness and think about how you can make amends and seek reconciliation.

May we all find the strength to heal and the wisdom to embrace forgiveness, making it a central and guiding part of our journey ahead. Shana tova ve-metuka—wishing you a sweet and transformative year!


Footnotes:

  1. 2 Samuel 13:22 (King James Version). Bible Gateway. Available at: biblegateway.com.
  2. Danzig, Rabbi Avraham. Chayei Adam. “Harming another person is profound, and true forgiveness can only be granted once the wrongdoer seeks it.” Sefaria. Available at: sefaria.org.
  3. Levenshtein, Rabbi Yehezkel. Tishrei and Yom Kippur. “G-d shifts from the Throne of Judgment to the Throne of Mercy when He sees us earnestly seeking reconciliation and forgiveness.” Chabad.org. Available at: chabad.org.
  4. “Rosh Hashanah Overview.” My Jewish Learning. Available at: myjewishlearning.com.
  5. “Understanding Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.” Chabad.org. Available at: chabad.org.

Reflections on Yom Kippur: A Journey Through Tradition

A few weeks ago, on August 23, 2010, I attended and filmed a conference organized by the Canadian Institute for Jewish Research (CIJR) in Montreal. Rabbi Abraham Cooper of the Wiesenthal Center gave the lunchtime address, acknowledging the intellectual giants presenting that day, such as Professor Wistrich of Hebrew University and Professor Small of Yale University. Instead of engaging in heavy intellectual discourse, Rabbi Cooper shared three impactful incidents from his travels, one of which resonates deeply as we approach our annual Yom Kippur observance.

Rabbi Cooper recounted his extensive international travels, where he met with government officials, the Pope, and the public on issues concerning the Jewish people. During a trip to Japan, he aimed to educate others about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and stop its publication. However, Rabbi Cooper encountered an unexpected moment. After speaking to a group of Japanese businessmen, he asked if there were any questions. To his surprise, one CEO stood up and asked, “Rabbi Cooper, we now understand that Jews don’t gather to plan world conspiracies and financial domination in their synagogue, but can you tell us what Jews do in a synagogue? Do Jews pray?” This question struck a chord with him, especially as Jews were preparing for their annual twenty-five-hour fast and prayer.

How do you convey the essence of a five-thousand-year tradition while standing on one leg?

For now, I will refer you to Beliefnet’s website for a hands-on explanation of the key elements of Yom Kippur and a description of the actual service. More profoundly, how does one share a tradition that has evolved through the generations while remaining loyal to both the past and the future?

On September 10, 2009, I attended a webinar with Rabbi Irving Yitzchak Greenberg discussing the Yom Kippur prayer service. Rabbi Greenberg and Rabbi Kimmelman explained how the Yom Kippur rituals are not only about the individual Jew but also about the community and all nations. The prayers are carefully crafted to seek peace for individuals and all people in the universe, to be realized under the rule of law, truth, and justice. These are not just empty words but a guideline for achieving harmony.

The fantastic thing about our tradition is that it has been evolving for five thousand years while maintaining its loyalty to the past, the present, and hopes for the future.

The main refrain on Yom Kippur is “Tshuva, tefillah, and tzedaka, maavirin et roah hagzera.” I say this in Hebrew transliteration because each word carries multilayered meanings that are powerful and significant, making them challenging to translate. Let me break it down: tshuva means returning to our sources, tefillah is prayer, and tzedaka refers to performing just acts. Together, these practices hold the power to mollify negative outcomes.

As we enter Yom Kippur, I invite everyone to reflect on the significance of our traditions and the communal aspect of our prayers. Let’s all pray for the teshuva (improved behaviour) of every Jew, every human being, every government, and all peoples in the universe. Even a slight improvement in each individual’s awareness and behaviour can significantly impact us all.

Gmar tov: This traditional greeting at the end of Yom Kippur wishes that our prayers be fulfilled for good in the coming year and throughout our lifetimes.

Shana tova u’metukah. Wishing you a kind and sweet year ahead.