Tag Archives: Jewish History

Bearing Witness: A Pilgrimage of Remembrance and Responsibility

Posted on by
Reply

January 27 is a day observed by many countries worldwide to honour the memory of the Holocaust. On this day, people reflect on the horrors of that time, remember the lives lost, and hear from survivors who are still with us. It serves as a solemn reminder to ensure such atrocities are never forgotten.

One question has haunted me for years: How could this have happened? The brutal murder of the Jewish people between 1941 and 1945, enshrined in German law, remains a tragedy that demands reflection. How could such atrocities unfold in the heart of civilized Europe while the world watched? This question has driven my lifelong commitment to understanding and educating others about these horrors.

In 2016, I spoke at the Essentials of Freedom Conference in Edmonton, where I worked to contextualize antisemitism and hatred toward Jews for a contemporary Canadian audience. This reinforced my belief that remembering the past is not just reflection but also responsibility.

History of Antisemitism and Jew Hatred, Abigail Hirsch

A Personal Pilgrimage to Poland

In 2023, I journeyed to Poland, visiting sites of Jewish destruction such as Auschwitz-Birkenau and Belzec, along with historic Jewish communities in Warsaw, Krakow, Lviv, and rural shtetls. Organized by my synagogue, the pilgrimage was led by Rabbi Reuven Poupko and guide Tzvi Sperber, allowing me to witness the remnants of a thousand-year-old Jewish civilization the Nazis sought to erase.

Standing in these ruins, I felt the weight of history in a way no book or documentary could convey. We were accompanied by a Torah scribe and an unfinished Torah scroll, which we completed as we visited abandoned synagogues across Poland. The journey culminated in a powerful moment when we carried the completed Torah through the gates of Auschwitz, symbolizing the survival of our people and faith—Am Yisrael Chai!

 

I am thankful to Tzvi Sperber for facilitating the participation of Yosef Lewkowicz, a Polish survivor in his nineties and former Montreal resident. Author of The Survivor: How I Survived Six Concentration Camps and Became a Nazi Hunter, a book I recently purchased, Yosef recounts his survival through six camps and his rescue of over 600 Jewish orphans hidden in monasteries, orphanages, and private homes, ultimately bringing them to Israel. He also played a key role in bringing Nazi figures like Amon Goeth, a sadistic officer portrayed in Schindler’s List, to justice—a testament to the resilience of the Jewish spirit.

Another influential figure is Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach, whose musical ministry brought comfort and spiritual renewal to both Jews and non-Jews, especially in the aftermath of the Holocaust. His outreach reached Jewish communities in Poland, Ukraine, and Hungary—places deeply scarred by the destruction of their Jewish populations, often with local complicity. Carlebach’s message of unity extended even to the Vatican, which, for centuries, upheld supersessionist theology and played a role in the persecution of Jews. Since the Second Vatican Council in 1965, the Church has published Nostra Aetate, a declaration seeking to correct its relationship with Judaism and all other religions, rejecting supersessionism.¹

Carlebach’s music continues to serve as a bridge, fostering reconciliation in even the most challenging circumstances. I encourage you to watch the 2008 Religion and Ethics video about his ministry, a powerful testament to the healing power of music and faith.

Holocaust Remembrance: The Stakes and Complexities

On January 27, Holocaust Remembrance Day, I took a moment to reflect on the importance of remembering the Holocaust. Some news outlets have overlooked that Jews were the primary victims, fueling “Holocaust denial.” This distortion attempts to erase the undeniable Jewish connection to the Holocaust and absolve the perpetrators, allowing them to avoid accountability for the systematic annihilation of Jewish men, women, and children.

This denial aligns with the Nazi regime’s central objective: the eradication of the Jewish people. They built six death camps specifically for the systematic slaughter of Jews, and Hitler’s obsession with their destruction extended beyond Europe to places like Morocco, Iran, and the Middle East. Even at the risk of losing the war and against the advice of his generals, Hitler prioritized extermination over military logistics. He diverted resources necessary for supplying his troops in Russia to ensure that trains continued running to transport Jews to their deaths.

Holocaust Inversion

Holocaust denial continues to plague us, often driven by deliberate efforts to distort historical facts. One particularly troubling trend is “Holocaust Inversion,” in which some falsely accuse Jews and Israelis of behaving like Nazis. This tactic equates Israel’s actions toward Palestinians with Nazi Germany’s treatment of Jews, suggesting that Israel has committed similar atrocities—a claim that distorts both history and morality.

One of the earliest figures to make such a comparison was historian Arnold Toynbee, who argued that Jewish actions during the 1947-48 war resembled Nazi persecution of Jews. In response, Israeli President Chaim Herzog debated Toynbee at the University of Montreal in 1961, emphasizing a key distinction: Israel fought in self-defence during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, whereas Nazi Germany sought the systematic annihilation of Jews—many of whom had been loyal German citizens, even serving in World War I.

 

These comparisons don’t just twist history—they also overlook some significant differences in how societies are governed and what values they uphold. Jewish teachings stress treating non-Jews with justice and kindness, which is why Israel granted citizenship to Arabs, Christians, and Muslims who stayed after it was established. On the other hand, Islamic history included something called “dhimmi” status, which protected non-Muslims but also came with restrictions like extra taxes and limits on religious freedoms. Understanding history is crucial, but political groups today often manipulate it to stir up conflict.

While much attention is given to Palestinian displacement after 1948, another refugee crisis—one often overlooked—occurred at the same time. Nearly a million Jews were expelled or forced to flee from Arab nations such as Iraq, Egypt, and Libya, where they had lived for centuries. Their homes, businesses, and cultural heritage were erased, yet this historical reality receives little acknowledgment in discussions about Middle Eastern refugees.

The land now known as Israel has deep historical roots in Jewish identity. Following the failed Bar Kokhba revolt in 135 CE, the Romans renamed Judea as Syria Palaestina in an attempt to erase Jewish ties to the land. This was part of a broader Roman policy that included the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, a pivotal event in Jewish history.

Since Israel’s founding in 1948, groups like Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Iranian regime have used Holocaust Inversion as a propaganda tool, falsely equating Israel’s self-defence with Nazi aggression. Iranian leaders have repeatedly denied or downplayed the Holocaust, and Hamas has even accused Israel of “genocide” against Palestinians—a term carefully chosen to distort the historical facts. This kind of distortion not only erases the suffering of Jews but also fuels ongoing hostility toward Israel.

Israel agreed to the 1947 UN partition plan, which suggested separate Jewish and Arab states, but neighbouring Arab countries rejected it and went to war against the new Jewish state. To this day, the conflict remains a complex political and territorial struggle, with some factions advocating for a two-state solution while others reject Israel’s right to exist entirely. Understanding this conflict’s historical and ideological roots is essential to countering misinformation and ensuring that history is not weaponized for political purposes.

The Role of the Allies and Soviet Forces

It’s important to understand the true nature of the ‘liberation’ of Auschwitz. When the Soviets arrived in January 1945, the Nazis had already evacuated most of the prisoners, sending them on death marches to other camps. The Soviet forces didn’t liberate Auschwitz on purpose—they simply came across it, finding it mostly abandoned, with only the haunting remnants of what had happened there.

Stalin’s antisemitism, however, should not be overlooked in the context of Soviet involvement during and after the war. While the Soviet Union presented itself as a liberator, its treatment of Jews was often contradictory. During the war, Stalin strategically used Jews in diplomatic roles to gain support and financial aid from the Jewish American community, even sending Jewish ambassadors to the U.S. to assist with the Soviet war effort. However, after the war, Stalin’s antisemitic policies became more pronounced. There was a major crackdown on the Yiddish language and a growing number of restrictions on Jewish religious practices. Stalin also staged high-profile show trials, with the most notorious being the “doctors’ trials,” where Jewish doctors and artists were falsely accused of treason against the Soviet Union.

In addition to the role of the Nazis, the Allies also failed to prevent or mitigate the suffering of Jews during World War II. By the late 1930s, the Allies were well aware of the Nazi persecution of Jews, even though the full scope of the Holocaust hadn’t yet been revealed. In 1938, President Roosevelt called for the Evian Conference in France, hoping to address the refugee crisis caused by Hitler’s actions. The conference stressed the urgency of the situation, but only a few countries—like the Dominican Republic, the Philippines, and later Cuba—agreed to take in Jewish refugees from Germany.

Other nations, like Sweden, Shanghai, and Bolivia, also offered limited refuge, but major powers such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada hesitated to open their doors. They pointed to political, economic, and security concerns as reasons for their reluctance. This hesitation, along with the focus on military efforts during the war, only added to the suffering of many Jewish people trying to escape. The failure to take meaningful action at this critical moment allowed the Holocaust to unfold as it did. After the war, many survivors were left to rebuild their lives with little support in displaced persons camps.

 

Post-War Recovery and the Role of Jewish Organizations

After the war, Holocaust survivors who had lost everything—homes, businesses, and families—were not immediately welcomed by the nations that had fought against the Nazis. Many found themselves trapped in Displaced Persons (DP) camps in Germany and Austria for years, unable to return home or find new countries willing to accept them. With little government assistance, it was primarily Jewish charitable organizations that helped survivors resettle and rebuild their lives. My own family, fleeing Communist Hungary, lived in the Rothschild DP Camp in Vienna for two years before immigrating to Canada. These organizations played a vital role in helping survivors rebuild their lives.

For a realistic account of Jewish recovery after the war, I recommend the documentary Hidden Face, which tells the story of Klausenberger Rebbe, an Auschwitz survivor. After the war, he was in a DP camp and was selected to speak with General Eisenhower during his visit.

Another documentary on post-war recovery is my own Yiddish: A Tale of Survival, which recounts the post-war immigrant stories of three remarkable theatre professionals from three different generations: Shmuel Atzmon of Israel, Bryna Wasserman of Montreal, and Miléna Kartowski-Aïach from Paris.

Remembering the Survivors: Commemorating January 27, 2025

I attended a moving memorial in Montreal where Peter Mansbridge, Canadian journalist and former chief correspondent for CBC News, interviewed George Reinitz, a 92-year-old Hungarian survivor who was deported to Auschwitz at the age of 12. After the war, he immigrated to Canada, built a successful business, and became a national wrestling champion. His journey is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit.

I also participated in a Zoom lecture hosted by Lockdown University, which honoured Yehuda Bauer, a Holocaust historian who emphasized the moral guide of three commandments: “Thou shalt not be a perpetrator; thou shalt not be a victim; and thou shalt never, but never, be a bystander.” These words challenge us to stand against injustice and hatred.

A particularly moving moment came when I watched a video message from Frank Lowy, a 94-year-old Holocaust survivor and billionaire. He addressed the Israeli hostages still held in Gaza, offering them hope with a powerful message:

“Here is my message to the hatufim/hostages. I want to give them hope. I have risen from the darkest places in the world, and here I am, at 94, to speak to my friends and family, to speak to them in this holy holy place, in ‘Eretz Yisrael shelanu’—in our Holy Land of Israel. Never Give Up Hope!”

Museums dedicated to recounting the Holocaust have done an excellent job documenting and preserving the records of these historical events. The digitalization of testimonies allows future generations to connect with the firsthand experiences of survivors, preserving their stories and safeguarding them from distortion over time. Museums in cities such as Montreal, Washington, and Jerusalem, among many others, are important reminders of the horrific events that occurred during that period.

Over the past month, the Jewish community has faced the heartbreaking loss of Shira Bibas and her two young children, Kfir, who was nine months old, and Ariel, who was two years old. The trio was brutally kidnapped from their family home in Kibbutz Nir Oz on October 7, a Jewish holiday, and returned in coffins after 500 days of being held as pawns in the Palestinian war against Israel and the Jews. Their tragic deaths serve as a painful reminder of the ongoing violence and suffering inflicted upon innocent lives by genocidal groups like Hamas and Hezbollah.

Recognizing our shared humanity is more important than ever in today’s divided world. But for that to happen, we need to face our history honestly. If we encourage open conversations and exploration of ideas, we can create a society that truly values and celebrates our differences.

It is not enough to remember the Holocaust; we must act. Today, I’m reaffirming my commitment to making sure the lessons of the Shoah stay alive and continue to shape our future. It’s time to have honest conversations and pass those lessons on so we can prevent such horrors from ever happening again.

“Never again” must mean now for all of us!

Footnote:

  1. Paul VI, Pope. Nostra Aetate: Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions. Vatican, 28 Oct. 1965, https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html.
  2. “Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran.” Wikipedia,  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_to_Mark_the_Departure_and_Expulsion_of_Jews_from_the_Arab_Countries_and_Iran.

Antisemitism: Old Prejudices in a Modern World

Posted on by
Reply

This quote reflects the enduring nature of antisemitism. Despite social progress, old prejudices persist. Living in Jerusalem, surrounded by millennia of history, I see these struggles daily. Walking through the Old City, you feel the weight of centuries of conflict and reconciliation. Yet, the battle against antisemitism continues.

Navigating the Complexities of Criticism and Hate

Amid the Israel-Hamas conflict, it’s important to differentiate between criticism of Israeli policies and antisemitism. This difference was evident in an incident at Harvard involving Yishai Rebo, a well-known Israeli singer famous for his interpretations of biblical texts and spiritual music. His concert, which aimed to promote culture and unity, was met with protests from pro-Palestinian groups. Unfortunately, the demonstrations quickly turned from political disagreement to antisemitic rhetoric.¹

Rabbi Yitzchak Schochet has noted that criticism of Israel can sometimes blend into antisemitism, a sentiment that is evident in this case. It’s crucial to find a balance between valid critique and harmful bias. Discussions about the Israel-Hamas conflict often demonstrate how quickly constructive dialogue can turn into hostility.

This incident is an example of a larger issue: the overlap between anti-Israel protests and antisemitism. While many demonstrations focus on political issues, some deteriorate into broader intolerance towards Jews. This mixing of politics with prejudice requires careful attention in discussions about Israel and the broader Middle East.

The Thin Line Between Activism and Antisemitism

Beyond individual incidents, there’s a larger societal challenge. While many advocates for Palestinian rights genuinely seek peace, there are instances where calls for human rights conceal deeper biases. Nonie Darwish’s story is a powerful example of transformation. Growing up in Gaza amidst hostility toward Israel, she initially embraced anti-Israel rhetoric. It wasn’t until she moved to the United States and began interacting with Jews that she began to question her long-held biases².

Darwish’s journey from animosity to advocacy for peace reminds us that deeply ingrained beliefs can be unlearned. Her daughter, Shireen Said, continues this legacy by promoting dialogue and understanding. Shireen’s efforts show empathy and shared humanity can break long-standing community barriers.

The Battle of College Campuses

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has caused tensions on college campuses, often leading to a rise in antisemitic incidents alongside pro-Palestinian activism. A 2014 YouTube video showcased Jewish students sharing their encounters with antisemitism from pro-Palestinian groups, including hate speech, vandalism, and social exclusion across the U.S., Canada, and Europe³.

The recent Israel-Hamas conflict has further escalated these tensions. Anti-Israel rhetoric during protests has sometimes crossed into antisemitism. Lawmakers have criticized universities for not adequately addressing the concerns of Jewish students, leading some schools to boost security measures⁴.

These incidents shed light on the broader ideological battles in academia, where funding and political pressures influence campus environments. For instance, a study in the Journal of Higher Education illustrates how external funding can impact the curriculum, faculty decisions, and ideological positions in university programs⁵. This raises questions about academic autonomy and the balance between free speech and student safety.

The Numbers Don’t Lie

Statistics from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) reveal a troubling rise in antisemitic incidents, particularly during times of Middle Eastern conflict. Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the ADL, emphasized the gravity of the situation: “This data confirms what Jewish communities across the country have felt and seen firsthand—and corresponds with the rise in antisemitic attitudes”⁶. These statistics are not just numbers; they reflect the real pain and suffering experienced by Jewish communities.

Greenblatt’s call for collective action underscores the importance of addressing antisemitism on multiple fronts, from education to advocacy. The ADL’s report can be viewed here for a deeper understanding of its findings.

Finding Guidance in Sacred Texts

I often turn to sacred texts for comfort and guidance. One of my favourite teachings from Pirkei Avot states, “In a place where there are no humans, strive to be human.” Judith Klitzner expands on this idea in her book In Your Brother’s Blood is Crying: Biblical Origins of Our Divided Society. Her exploration of biblical sibling conflicts provides insight into contemporary societal divisions, reminding us that ancient wisdom can help us navigate modern challenges⁷.

A Path Forward: Combating Antisemitism

Addressing antisemitism requires a thoughtful and multi-faceted approach:

  • Education: Advocate for accurate and nuanced discussions about Jewish history and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. As Dr. Morgentaler once said, “Hatred thrives in ignorance.” Institutions like the Jewish Public Library are crucial in preserving and sharing this history.
  • Interfaith Dialogue: As Nonie Darwish has demonstrated, building bridges is vital. Her journey of transformation shows that meaningful dialogue can foster peace and understanding.
  • Supporting Organizations: Groups like the ADL work tirelessly to combat antisemitism and protect Jewish communities. Supporting their efforts can make a real difference.

As I reflect on my own journey, I’m reminded of the complexities of fighting antisemitism. It requires knowledge, empathy, and action. What steps can you take in your community to combat hate and foster understanding? Please reflect on this question and find ways to contribute to a more tolerant and compassionate world.

Footnotes:

  1. Karr, Jean-Baptiste Alphonse. Les Guêpes. 1849.
  2. Darwish, Nonie. Now They Call Me Infidel: Why I Renounced Jihad for America, Israel, and the War on Terror. St. Martin’s Press, 2006.
  3. The New York Times. “Concerns Over Antisemitism on College Campuses.” The New York Times, 2024, www.nytimes.com.
  4. The Washington Post. “Surge in Antisemitic Incidents Amid Conflict.” The Washington Post, 2024, www.washingtonpost.com.
  5. Inside Higher Ed. Journal of Higher Education, 2024, www.insidehighered.com.
  6. Greenblatt, Jonathan. “ADL Report on Antisemitic Incidents.” Anti-Defamation League, 2024, www.adl.org/news/press-releases/adl-report-on-antisemitic-incidents.
  7. Klitzner, Judith. In Your Brother’s Blood is Crying: Biblical Origins of Our Divided Society. Jewish Publication Society, 2007.

 

Rabbi Poupko’s Oscar-Nominated Film Reviews

Posted on by
Reply

Rabbi Poupko, the spiritual leader of Beth Israel Beth Aaron Congregation in Montreal since 1986, recently took time during his travels between Israel and other locations to watch three Oscar-nominated films: Oppenheimer, Maestro, and The Zone of Interest. He shared his thoughts on these films during a Sabbath afternoon gathering at the synagogue, weaving them into a broader discussion on Jewish contributions to the world.

Reflecting on Oppenheimer, Rabbi Poupko observed, “Isn’t it interesting that a group of Jews managed to create the atom bomb, which won the war for the Western powers? Jews created Hollywood in the middle of nowhere in California. Jews created Broadway. And since the Nobel Prize has been awarded, Jews have comprised 40% of all recipients in all fields. Jews have made significant contributions to the US, Canada, and Germany.” This remark underscores the significant impact Jews have had in various fields, which has been well documented over time, including the comprehensive analysis found in Seth Mandel’s article in Commentary¹.

To lighten the mood, he quipped, “By the way, does anybody know how many Nobel Prizes Muslims have won?” After a brief pause, someone mentioned Yasser Arafat, eliciting a laugh from the audience.

Arafat, along with Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for efforts to promote peace in the Middle East. However, this peace was never fully realized. Arafat’s refusal to sign a cooperation agreement with Israel led to the Second Intifada, marked by terrorist attacks that claimed over 1,000 Israeli lives². In response, Israel fortified its borders with the West Bank and Gaza. It is also worth noting that Muslims have been awarded sixteen Nobel Prizes: nine for peace, four for science, and three for literature.

Shifting to a historical perspective, Rabbi Poupko discussed The Pity of It All, which depicts Jewish involvement in every facet of German life before 1933. “Germany was admired worldwide as a center of culture and science, and Jews were thriving there too,” he said³.

As Hitler rose to power, tensions escalated. To prompt Germans to reconsider their stance, Jews in Germany published an eleven-hundred-page book documenting their contributions to society. Similarly, Hungarian Jews compiled a comparable volume in the 1930s to foster understanding and acceptance. During one of my visits, my friend Gabor Gluck, who represents the last Jewish family in Tokay, showed me one of these volumes.

Rabbi Poupko reminded the gathering of Winston Churchill’s famous words: “Those who oppress Jews are simply destroying themselves.” He noted that Spain never regained its former glory after expelling the Jews in 1492, and Germany has not reached its previous cultural heights since beginning its persecution of Jews in 1933⁴⁵.

Unfortunately, antisemitism is not confined to Europe. It exists in countries like the UK, Canada, and the USA despite the significant contributions of Jewish communities to these nations. Since October 7, there has been a troubling resurgence of antisemitism, with Jews and Israel being vilified in public spaces worldwide. This shift in public sentiment has even led to unsettling questions like, “Is Antisemitism Becoming Socially Acceptable Again?” This wave of hatred has also impacted Montreal, where Jewish institutions have been targeted, and students at McGill and Concordia have faced harassment⁶.

Rabbi Poupko shared, “As a result of campus antisemitism, Jewish enrollment at schools like Harvard, Cornell, and the University of Pennsylvania is now lower than it was before the 1960s when there were quotas. Orthodox Jewish students once had a beit midrash at Penn in the 1990s… not anymore. Now, Tulane University is known as ‘Jewlane.’ Over the past five months, we have witnessed these hateful ideas resurface.”

Sadly, Rabbi Poupko noted that none of the Imams or Pastors with whom they had friendly relations over the years have contacted him since October 7. Despite these challenges, he highlighted the resilience of the Israeli people. “Amidst these challenges, the resilience and valour displayed by Israeli forces over the past five months have been extraordinary. Witnessing their unwavering dedication to defending our people, whether on the battlefield or on the homefront, has fostered a sense of unity and solidarity like never before. During these difficult times, all of us Jews need to know who we are, what we have accomplished, and what we have contributed to the world over millennia. Am Yisrael Chai,” he concluded.

Rabbi Poupko’s reflections highlight Jewish communities’ resilience and contributions throughout history. Despite adversity, Jews have played a significant role in shaping cultures and advancing human knowledge. His insights encourage us to celebrate our heritage and stand united against prejudice.

Rabbi Poupko also shared his perspectives on the other Oscar-nominated films: “Oppenheimer: What is His Story?” and “Barbie: Who is She?” Additionally, he recommended two other films deserving of Oscar recognition: “Golda: A Reckoning” and “SHTTL.”

In the spirit of resilience and defiance against prejudice, Barbra Streisand’s recent Lifetime Achievement Award acceptance speech is worth noting. Her powerful address took a stand against antisemitism and bigotry, reinforcing the importance of confronting hatred with courage and conviction.

 

Footnotes:

  1. Mandel, Seth. “Glazer’s Partners Refute Glazer.” Commentary, vol. 123, no. 5, 2017, pp. 45-52.
  2. “Second Intifada.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 23 Feb. 2022, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada.
  3. Elon, Amos. The Pity of It All: A Portrait of the German-Jewish Epoch 1743-1933. Metropolitan Books, 2002.
  4. “Antisemitism: The Jewish Question.” Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com/topic/antisemitism/The-rise-of-modern-antisemitism. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
  5. “Myth and Reality – What Did Churchill Really Think About the Jews?” The Churchill Centre.
  6. “PBS American Experience: Henry Ford’s Antisemitism.” PBS, www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/henryford/#part01. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
    Savage, Jacob. “The Vanishing: The Erasure of Jews from American Life.” Tablet Magazine.

SHTTL

Posted on by
Reply

Though SHTTL has yet to be released, it’s already making waves at film festivals. I recently saw it at the Montreal Holocaust Museum, and it left a lasting mark.

SHTTL is set in a Ukrainian forest and follows the journey of two young men whose adventure is intertwined with a Hasidic folk story. The film vividly portrays life in a small Ukrainian village near the Polish border as the two men arrive at a lively market. Over 24 hours, the film immerses us in the community, depicting scenes of a bustling market, a Soviet manager, overlapping conversations, and the upcoming marriage of the Rabbi’s daughter. Dreamy sequences and surreal moments in the synagogue capture the essence and spirit of the community in beautiful detail.

The film dives deep into the pre-Nazi invasion era of Ukraine, offering a rich portrayal of the complex relationships between religious and secular Jews, Russian occupiers, and other locals. It brings to life the vibrant and diverse nature of village life before the war, allowing viewers to glimpse this world as it was.

One of the most remarkable aspects of SHTTL is its commitment to authenticity. The film is primarily in Yiddish, with touches of Ukrainian, Russian, and German, grounding viewers in the village’s linguistic and cultural landscape. English subtitles ensure that everyone can fully appreciate the film’s rich cultural tapestry.

The film also has strong ties to Montreal, thanks to producers Eric Gozlan and Joe Sisto. Gozlan, known for his work on Beautiful Boy and Stand Off, and Sisto, who contributed to Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, brought their expertise to this project. Their connection to Montreal and their plans to submit SHTTL for an Oscar in the foreign film category highlight the talent and dedication behind this modern masterpiece.

Understanding the historical context of SHTTL adds even more depth to the film. On June 22, 1941, German troops launched Operation Barbarossa, leading to a brutal campaign against the Soviet Union. Einsatzgruppen units were responsible for the mass murder of approximately 1.25 million Jews, including the execution of over 30,000 Jews at Babi Yar.

In this light, SHTTL is more than just a cinematic triumph; it’s a reminder of the vibrant communities that existed before the devastation of the Nazi invasion. Hats to the team for their remarkable effort in preserving and celebrating this crucial piece of history.

 

“On the 22nd of June 1941, German troops launched Operation Barbarossa, Germany’s attack on the Soviet Union. From the point of view of the Nazis, this was not an ordinary military conflict but a battle against the chief ideological and racial enemies of the German nation.

At the rear of the German army were four Einsatzgruppen special units whose task was to fight against ideological opponents. They were required to kill all Communist functionaries, Jews holding party and state functions, and other radical elements. In reality, however, the main role of these units was to massacre Jewish communities.

To begin with, only Jewish men were murdered, but soon women and children were also being killed. The largest single massacre was the execution of over 30,000 Kievan Jews in Babi Yar at the end of September 1941. It is estimated that these units, aided by local militia and in coordination with the army, slaughtered approximately 1.25 million Jews in all, as well as hundreds of thousands of other Soviet citizens.”¹

Footnotes:

  1. Institut Terezínské Iniciativy. “The Start of the Mass Murder.” Holocaust.cz, 19 July 2011, https://www.holocaust.cz/en/history/final-solution/general-2/the-start-of-the-mass-murder/.

Genius and Anxiety: Unveiling the Impact of Jewish Minds, 1847-1947

Posted on by
Reply

Norman Lebrecht’s Genius and Anxiety: How Jews Changed the World, 1847-1947, offers an insightful look at influential Jewish individuals and their significant impact on the world. His writing flows seamlessly from one story to the next, creating an intimate reading experience as if you’re conversing with him about these remarkable figures.

The book challenges common Jewish stereotypes, examining individuals who have contributed significantly to the arts and sciences. While familiar names like Marx, Freud, Einstein, Kafka, Gershwin, and Bernstein take center stage, Lebrecht highlights lesser-known figures whose achievements deserve recognition.

Lebrecht brings these historical figures to life by drawing on diaries and letters, immersing readers in their world and personal experiences.

Unveiling Influential Figures

Beyond well-known figures, Genius and Anxiety showcases remarkable contributions, such as the invention of the first contraceptive pill, advancements in blood transfusions, the discovery of DNA, and early cancer detection methods. By weaving these milestones with personal narratives, Lebrecht illustrates the lasting impact of Jewish innovators.

Resilient Journeys

Lebrecht’s exploration extends beyond 1947, delving into the journeys of Jews who fled to America, Israel, and even China during World War II. As the war intensified and the Nazi regime tightened its grip, Jews faced harrowing choices. Some sought refuge in America, contributing to its vibrant cultural and intellectual landscape, while others relocated to Israel, then under British mandate, shaping the emerging state. A few found temporary sanctuary in China, navigating its unique challenges.

More than recounting escape routes, Lebrecht immerses readers in personal stories of bravery and resilience. These journeys were not just physical escapes; they marked transitions into new worlds of intellectual and cultural discovery. Despite immense hardships, these individuals continued influencing their new communities with their unique talents and perspectives.

Norman Lebrecht’s meticulous research and engaging narrative offer a fresh perspective on these historical events. Genius and Anxiety complements Amos Elon’s The Pity of It All: A Portrait of Jews in Germany, 1743–1933, enriching our understanding of Jewish history and its profound impact on today’s world.

 

The Hidden Hanukkah

Posted on by
1

Many cherish Hanukkah, a holiday filled with the comforting smell of latkes, the lively clatter of dreidel games, and the warm, inviting glow of the menorah. While the story of the Maccabees’ brave revolt against the Greeks is well-known, a lesser-known chapter in Hanukkah’s history adds a profound layer of meaning to this beloved holiday.

A Meeting of Legends: A Glimpse into the Past

In the ancient city of Jerusalem, as dawn’s first light softly embraced the city, an extraordinary encounter unfolded. Alexander the Great’s formidable army approached the city gates, but instead of a confrontation, something remarkable happened. The High Priest, adorned in resplendent garments that shimmered in the early morning light, led a procession of priests through Jerusalem’s narrow, winding streets. Holding torches aloft, their faces reflected a blend of solemnity and hope. To everyone’s astonishment, Alexander dismounted his chariot and bowed before the High Priest—a gesture of respect that would become one of the most captivating episodes in Jerusalem’s rich tapestry of history.

The Maccabees: Who Were They?

To truly appreciate Hanukkah, it’s essential to delve into the story of the Maccabees, a group of Jewish rebels who lived during the 2nd century BCE. Led by Judah Maccabee and his brothers, who hailed from a priestly family in Judea (modern-day Israel), the Maccabees were fierce defenders of their faith and heritage. Their name, “Maccabee,” is believed to derive from the Hebrew word for “hammer,” symbolizing their strength and resilience. They led a revolt against the Seleucid Empire, a Greek dynasty that ruled much of the Near East, including Judea.

175 BCE: Strife, Division, and Triumph

Fast forward to 175 BCE, a period marked by intense strife and division among the Greeks. Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the ruler of the northern Greek faction, launched an invasion of Judea. His actions, heavily influenced by the Hellenizing Jewish faction in Jerusalem, plunged the region into turmoil. As the historian Flavius Josephus records:

“The king being there to disposed, complied with them, and came upon the Jews with a great army, and took their city by force, and slew a great multitude of those that favored Ptolemy, and sent out his soldiers to plunder them without mercy; he also spoiled the temple, and put a stop to the constant practice of offering a daily sacrifice of expiation for three years and six months.” ¹

This Hellenizing faction embraced Greek culture and ideas, causing deep divisions within the Jewish community. They supported the imposition of Greek customs in Jerusalem and transformed the Temple into a center for Greek worship. This cultural and religious erosion threatened the very essence of Jewish identity and faith, setting the stage for the Maccabees’ revolt—a struggle to preserve Jewish practices and beliefs.

The Maccabees’ Resistance: A Struggle for Identity

Amidst the darkness of these times, the Maccabees’ bravery shone brightly. Their miraculous victory over the Seleucid Empire was a triumph of military might and a testament to divine intervention and unwavering faith. The Maccabees fought to restore Jewish religious practices that had been outlawed and to cleanse and rededicate the desecrated Temple in Jerusalem. This rededication is at the heart of Hanukkah, a holiday that celebrates physical and spiritual victories.

The Heart of Hanukkah: Celebrating Miracles with ‘Al Hanissim’

One of the most cherished aspects of Hanukkah is the singing of “Al Hanissim” after lighting the menorah. This song, far more than just a festive tune, captures the essence of the holiday. It celebrates the miraculous victory of the Maccabees, attributing their success to divine intervention rather than mere military prowess.

“You delivered the strong into the hands of the weak, the many into the hands of the few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and the insolent into the hands of those who engage in Your Torah.” ²

This beautiful prayer reflects on the rededication of the Temple and the revival of the Jewish faith, reminding us of the strength, courage, and devotion that define our heritage.

From Hellenistic Culture to Jewish Resilience: The Lasting Impact

Even in the wake of their victory, the influence of Hellenistic culture did not vanish overnight. A century later, the Romans—heirs to Greek traditions—came to control Judea after King Herod’s death. The destruction of the Grand Temple in 70 AD marked the beginning of a long and painful period of Jewish exile. Some rabbis even debated whether Hanukkah should continue to be observed after this tragic event. Yet, voices like that of Rabbi Jonathan Sacks argued for preserving the holiday, viewing it as a symbol of resilience and hope:

“Hanukkah is not just a celebration of a past victory but a reminder of the enduring power of hope and faith.” ³

A Light for Future Generations

Hanukkah is more than a celebration of past victories; it’s a testament to the enduring strength and faith of the Jewish people. It’s about keeping the light of hope alive for future generations, no matter the challenges we face.

As you light the menorah this Hanukkah, take a moment to reflect on the strength and resilience of those who came before us. Let their courage inspire you to bring light into your life and share that with others. How will you keep the spirit of Hanukkah alive in your daily life?

To capture the spirit of Hanukkah, this acapella video beautifully encapsulates the uplifting message of the holiday.

FOOTNOTES:

  1. Josephus, Flavius. The Antiquities of the Jews. Translated by William Whiston, Project Gutenberg, 2008, www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2848.
  2. “Al Hanissim.” Chabad.org, www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/371618/jewish/Al-Hanissim.htm.
  3. “The Hidden Story of Chanukah.” Keynote address by Chief Rabbi Lord Sacks, Bushey Synagogue, 20 Oct. 2012. Bushey Synagogue, www.busheysynagogue.org.uk/video/hidden-story-chanukah.

Herod the Great Unveiled: Power, Betrayal, Tragedy

Posted on by
Reply

The Rise and Fall of Herod the Great is a series that delves into the life of one of Israel’s most complex figures. Herod’s rule was marked by his turbulent marriage to the Hasmonean princess Mariamne and his ruthless political tactics. While he formed alliances with influential figures like Marc Antony, his unbridled ambition ultimately led him to madness.

Herod’s significant expansion of the Second Jewish Temple, which was later destroyed, is one of his most enduring legacies. The drama of his story draws parallels to shows like Game of Thrones, yet the rich Jewish perspective found in sacred texts like the Torah and Talmud often goes unnoticed. Incorporating these texts could provide deeper insights into Herod’s reign and his place in Jewish history.

Lessons from History

Reflecting on Herod’s tumultuous reign, we can glean important lessons about power and ambition. His life serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating the dangers of unchecked authority and the havoc it can wreak on both leaders and their people. These lessons urge us to assess historical figures and contemporary leadership.

Ancient texts like the Torah and Talmud can offer valuable insights into Jewish kingship. In Deuteronomy, Moses outlined a governance framework for future Jewish leaders, emphasizing the significance of community and ethical leadership.

“If, after you have entered the land that the LORD your God has assigned to you, and taken possession of it and settled in it, you decide, ‘I will set a king over me, as do all the nations about me,’ you shall be free to set a king over yourself, one chosen by the LORD your God. Be sure to put as king over yourself one of your people; you must not set a foreigner over you, one who is not your relative. Moreover, he shall not keep many horses or send people back to Egypt to add to his horses since the LORD has warned you, ‘You must not go back that way again.’ And he shall not have many wives, lest his heart goes astray; nor shall he amass silver and gold to excess.” (Deuteronomy 17:14-17)

This passage speaks to the essential role of community in leadership. A leader should embody the values and aspirations of the people they serve rather than pursuing personal wealth or power.

Blueprint for Leadership

Building on this, Rabbi Meir Soloveichik offers further insights into the nature of leadership in his podcast episode, “Kohen vs. King.” He emphasizes the inevitability of mistakes made by those in power, drawing a key distinction between the transgressions of priests and kings. In Leviticus, the Torah uses “if” for the sins of priests and “when” for kings, highlighting that leaders, no matter how powerful, are bound to falter.

“Have a copy of this Teaching written for him on a scroll by the Levitical priests. Let it remain with him and let him read in it all his life, so that he may learn to revere the LORD his God, to observe faithfully every word of this Teaching as well as these laws. Thus, he will not act haughtily toward his fellows or deviate from the Instruction to the right or the left, to the end that he and his descendants may reign long amid Israel.” (Deuteronomy 17:14-20)

These teachings remind us that even kings must stay grounded and avoid arrogance. Leaders today, just like those of the past, encounter moments of complex decision-making, and their success hinges on remaining humble and guided by higher principles.

Enduring Legacy

Herod’s reign ended tragically with Roman colonization and the destruction of the Second Temple, but the Jewish tradition persevered. After the devastation, scholars and rabbis fled to Yavneh to preserve Jewish life and thought, leading to the emergence of the Talmud. This dynamic discussion of Jewish law and philosophy has continued to shape Jewish life for centuries.

Today, the Torah and Talmud remain central to Jewish life—not as relics of the past but as living texts that continue to inspire and guide individuals in yeshivas, synagogues, and academic settings worldwide. When integrated into our understanding of history and leadership, their teachings offer profound insights into the complexities of governance and the responsibilities that come with power.

Reflecting on Leadership

Herod’s story encourages us to reflect on the impact of unbridled ambition and the significance of humility in leadership. What lessons can we derive from history as we pursue our aspirations and obligations? Drawing from ancient texts such as the Torah and Talmud provides a more profound comprehension of leadership that echoes through time and is relevant today.

FOOTNOTES:

  1. “Deuteronomy Chapter 17, Verses 14-20.” Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.17.14-20.
  2. Rabbi Meir Soloveichik. “Bible 365, Episode 32: Kohen (Priest) vs King: Two Models of Leadership.” Podcast.
  3. “Deuteronomy Chapter 17, Verse 18.” Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/Deuteronomy.17.18.

Does Antisemitism Matter?

Posted on by
4

In the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas, a flood of misinformation clouds the truth. This isn’t just a distant debate; it’s a struggle with real-life consequences, shaping perceptions and affecting communities worldwide. The rising tide of antisemitic rhetoric demands our attention, and it’s crucial to confront these falsehoods with truth and compassion. The impact is deeply personal and far-reaching, harming individuals and communities alike.

Bradley Martin’s article, The Soviet Roots of Far-Left Antisemitism, serves as an essential resource for understanding why antisemitism persists today. The Soviet Union’s Cold War strategy, which included supporting certain Middle Eastern groups and influencing the Palestine Liberation Organization’s charter, wasn’t just about geopolitical maneuvering. It planted seeds of distrust and animosity that continue to affect today’s conflicts and political discourse.

When prestigious universities like Oxford, Columbia, and Yale grapple with antisemitism, it becomes clear how deep and pervasive this problem is. This issue is not merely academic or political; it speaks to how we treat each other as human beings. Understanding the roots of this hatred allows us to address it with the empathy and seriousness it deserves.

The Personal Impact of Antisemitism

Misinformation about Israel and Judaism isn’t just abstract; it has genuine consequences for our communities. Harmful myths like “Zionism is racism” or “Israel is an apartheid state” fuel prejudice, discrimination, and even violence. The often-misattributed quote, “If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it,” reveals the insidious power of persistent false narratives.

In 2023, the Anti-Defamation League reported a significant rise in antisemitic incidents worldwide, including acts of vandalism and harassment. The defacement of Jewish cemeteries in cities across the globe is not just a random act of hate—it’s a direct result of the spread of lies and misinformation. What may begin as rhetoric has real-world consequences, leading to dangerous cycles of violence and discrimination.

But what drives this hatred? To truly understand, we must delve into the ideologies that fuel these prejudices.

Understanding Ideological Roots

In Not In God’s Name: Confronting Religious Violence, Rabbi Jonathan Sacks urges us to consider how ideologies can distort our moral compass, leading us down paths of violence—a phenomenon he terms “altruistic evil.” He explains how extremist groups manipulate our natural desire to do good, twisting noble intentions into harmful beliefs that deepen prejudices.

Rabbi Sacks also examines the “us against them” mentality, which many of us have encountered in different forms. This mindset promotes hostility toward outsiders and encourages scapegoating, trapping communities in cycles of victimhood that stifle growth. By contrasting dualism—seeing the world as a battle between good and evil—with monotheism, which recognizes that each person is capable of good and bad actions, Rabbi Sacks offers a path toward mutual understanding and peace.

Moreover, he explores how antisemitism has been used to justify wrongs against Jews and Israel. These false narratives distort reality and deepen divisions. Rabbi Sacks warns that embracing a victim mentality ultimately undermines our shared humanity, a lesson we must heed as we navigate the complexities of modern life.

Pathways to Reconciliation

While these ideologies can feel deeply entrenched, history shows reconciliation is possible. Rabbi Sacks highlights the historic shift in relations between the Jewish community and the Vatican after the Holocaust as a powerful model for healing. The Nostra Aetate Declaration of 1965 was not just a symbolic gesture; it marked a profound change, demonstrating that even deeply rooted issues can be addressed with courage and dialogue.

In Jewish tradition, the concept of “teshuvah”—repentance or reconsideration—offers a way forward. It reminds us that even the most profound divisions can be healed with sincere effort and commitment. In a world increasingly divided by misinformation and hatred, teshuvah teaches us that reconciliation is always within reach—but only if we are willing to seek it.

Footnote:

  1. Martin, Bradley. “The Soviet Roots of Far-Left Antisemitism.” Newsweek, 18 May 2022, www.newsweek.com/soviet-roots-far-left-antisemitism-opinion-1707931.
  2. “Not in God’s Name: Confronting Religious Violence” by Rabbi Jonathan Sacks was published by Schocken Books in 2015.

What Can Purim Teach Us Today?

Posted on by
Reply

Purim commemorates the rescue of the Jewish people from a plot to annihilate them, as recorded in the Hebrew Bible’s Book of Esther. The story involves a Persian official named Haman, who seeks to exterminate the Jewish population of Persia. However, his plans are foiled by Esther, a Jewish queen, and her cousin Mordecai.

The story of Purim serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of antisemitism and the abuse of power. It highlights the risks of discrimination and prejudice and shows the devastating impact when these harmful mindsets influence those in power. The holiday is observed with readings of the Book of Esther, joyous gatherings, and charitable contributions, providing an opportunity to reflect on its deep moral and historical importance.

The Salvation of the Jews: How Mordechai and Esther Foiled Haman’s Plot in Ancient Persia

Haman, the second-in-command to King Ahasuerus of the Persian Empire, persuaded the king to issue a decree that would lead to the killing of all Jews living in the 127 lands of the Persian Empire. However, his evil plan was thwarted by Mordechai and Esther, whose courage and strategic actions saved their people. The entire story is recounted in the Megillah, or the Scroll of Esther, read annually in Jewish homes and synagogues worldwide.

“When Haman saw that Mordechai would neither kneel nor prostrate himself before him, Haman became full of wrath. But it seemed contemptible to him to lay hands on Mordechai alone, for they had told him Mordechai’s nationality, and Haman sought to destroy all the Jews who were throughout Ahasuerus’s entire kingdom, Mordechai’s people.”

Haman said to King Ahasuerus:

“There is a certain people scattered and separate among the peoples throughout all the provinces of your kingdom, and their laws differ from [those of] every people, and they do not keep the king’s laws; it is [therefore] of no use for the king to let them be. If it pleases the king, let it be written to destroy them, and I will weigh out ten thousand silver talents into the hands of those who perform the work to bring [it] into the king’s treasuries.”

The king took the ring off his hand, gave it to Haman, and said to him:

“The silver is given to you and the people to do to them as it pleases you.”

Understanding Prejudice: The Resilience and Targeting of the Jewish Community

Haman’s actions reflect a timeless pattern of targeting Jews based on lies and misconceptions—patterns that have persisted throughout history. Prejudice often stems from personal biases and assumptions rather than facts. Jews, known for coexisting with diverse civilizations for over two thousand years, have faced discrimination despite their commitment to societal laws and values, including respect for authority.

Many biases are based on stereotypes that inaccurately paint all group members with the same brush. This leads to harmful misconceptions, allowing prejudice to thrive. The Jewish community has been frequently targeted due to financial motives and misinformation, a narrative that echoes from Haman’s era to modern times.

Purim’s Universal Message Against Discrimination

While Purim specifically commemorates Jewish survival, its themes resonate universally. The story underscores resilience against persecution and serves as a narrative that mirrors the experiences of many minority groups, including Black people, Indigenous populations, immigrants, and other ethnic minorities. Discrimination’s destructive impact is a shared human experience, emphasizing the importance of confronting hatred in all its forms.

“You have got to be taught to hate and fear. You have got to be carefully taught.”

The Roots of Nazi Antisemitism and Modern Prejudice

Haman’s hatred found echoes in history, most notably in Nazi antisemitism. The Nazis falsely accused Jews of plotting against Germany, blaming them for the country’s defeat in World War I. Despite their service and sacrifice—100,000 Jews served in the German military during World War I—their loyalty was met with suspicion and violence.

Historical myths like the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fabricated text claiming Jewish control over global finances, have fueled dangerous stereotypes. These ideas have no basis in reality yet continue to influence modern antisemitic narratives. The consequences are seen in ongoing slanders against Jews, accusations against prominent figures, and baseless conspiracy theories about Jewish control.

Deborah Lipstadt, a scholar of genocide and the Holocaust, explains how antisemitism operates differently from other forms of racism:

“The racist ‘punches down’ and loathes persons of colour because they are apparently ‘lesser than’ the white person… In contrast, the antisemite’ punches up.’ The Jew is supposedly more powerful, ingenious, and financially adept than the non-Jew. Neither of these is true; they separate and isolate one group from the other.”

These historical patterns underline the persistent need to combat prejudice, not only against Jews but against all marginalized groups.

Lessons from the Megillah Text and the Joy of Purim Celebration

The Megillah offers insights into social dynamics and human behaviour, portraying characters with varied motivations and moralities. These timeless lessons continue to inspire us and remind us of the importance of standing up against discrimination.

Above all, Purim is a celebration of resilience. Today, we dress in costumes, exchange gifts, give to the poor, and come together in joy and solidarity. It is a day to reflect on our shared humanity and the enduring fight against hate.

The story of Mordechai and Esther reminds us of the ongoing threats of antisemitism and the abuse of power. As we celebrate Purim, let us commit to standing against all forms of injustice, ensuring that our communities remain strong and resilient in the face of adversity.

Happy Purim!

 

The Yiddish Book Center

Posted on by

The Yiddish Book Centre in Amherst, Massachusetts, embodies the miracle of Yiddish in our time. The center was initially founded by Aaron Lansky in 1980 when he saw the need to save Yiddish books that would have otherwise ended up in the trash heap. The organization has kept over 1 million books to date!

The center’s mission is to tell the whole Jewish story by rescuing, translating and disseminating Yiddish books and presenting innovative educational programs that broaden understanding of modern Jewish identity. As part of continuing the legacy of Yiddish, they regularly invite speakers to talk about Yiddish and Yiddish initiatives.

Last week it was my pleasure to talk about my upcoming documentary Yiddish: A Tale of Survival. I was invited to speak to a group of University students studying Yiddish over the summer. Below is a short excerpt from the talk.

And for more about the film visit, Yiddish: A Tale of Survival.

 

Iran’s Growing Threat: Purim’s Lessons for Israel and Global Security

Posted on by

During an event organized by the Canadian Institute for Jewish Research (CIJR), a group of experts gathered to discuss how Iran’s growing power is affecting Israel’s safety and the situation in the Middle East. The experts noted that many countries already feel the effects of Iran’s activities, highlighting how important it is for nations to work together to confront this challenge.

Speakers such as Professors Frederick Krantz, Harold Waller, and Norrin Ripsman discussed key challenges facing the Middle East today, including Iran’s nuclear ambitions, ongoing regional conflicts, and the geopolitical changes that followed the “Arab Spring.” The main focus of the discussions was Israel’s security, but the wider implications of Iran’s influence, which stretches around the globe and affects overall stability, couldn’t be ignored. Rabbi Yonah Rosner shared some interesting thoughts, connecting the Jewish holiday of Purim to today’s challenges and reminding us how those ancient stories still resonate with our current situation.

Rabbi Rosner compared ideas from Jewish tradition to help explain these issues. This Purim story recalls a time when the Jewish people were at great risk in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran). On Purim, Jews reflect on the bravery of Queen Esther and her uncle Mordechai, who stepped up to protect their people from harm. While this story is a vital part of Jewish history, its message resonates with everyone: the importance of standing up against injustice and oppression. Rabbi Rosner emphasized the need to remember these pivotal moments in history. This is important not just for Jews but for anyone who values what history teaches us. He pointed out similarities between the threats faced by Jews in ancient Persia and the dangers we see in modern-day Iran. He reminded us that staying aware of real threats to peace and security is essential.

The Purim story isn’t only about the Jewish experience—it’s a reminder for all of us of how vital unity and action are during tough times. Throughout history, people have faced challenges that called for them to unite and make quick decisions. Professor Krantz pointed out the important role of Israel’s leaders, especially Prime Minister Netanyahu, in protecting their citizens and Jewish people worldwide. Like Queen Esther’s call for unity, the meeting stressed the need for countries to work together to solve our shared security problems.

Rabbi Rosner pointed out something important about the Purim story—there’s no direct divine intervention. It’s about people stepping up, showing courage, and leading. This lesson goes beyond religion; throughout history, people have faced challenging situations by being resilient and determined rather than waiting for miracles. It reminds us of the responsibility both leaders and everyday people have when it comes to standing up in the face of danger.

In addition to these serious reflections, the Purim tradition brings a sense of lightness and joy. Jews worldwide read the Megillah (the scroll telling the story of Esther) and participate in playful theatrical performances called Purim spiels. One Yiddish saying, “Man plans and God laughs,” captures the irony and unpredictability of life—a theme that can resonate with people from all walks of life. We may not always control the world’s events, but we can choose how we respond to them.

The meeting’s discussion became even more timely as President Obama prepared to address the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) the following day. Strong leadership came up repeatedly, especially with the focus on global security and the threat from Iran. Some speakers compared today’s leaders to King Achashverosh from the Purim story. They pointed out that his indecision put his people in danger. This comparison shows us the importance of clear leadership when we face today’s geopolitical challenges.

As we think about Iran’s role in global security, the key lessons from the Purim story—unity, vigilance, and leadership—are still important for everyone, no matter their background. By learning from past and present threats, we can work together to create a safer and more stable future for all.

Wishing everyone a safe and thoughtful Purim.